Elevated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, Cytokeratin 19 Fragment, and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Objective We aimed to explore whether squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are elevated in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and tumor markers in diabetic patients. Methods Nondialysis patients with diabetes (n = 261) and 90 healthy controls were enrolled. DN was defined as an UACR ≥ 30 mg/g in the absence of a urinary tract infection or other renal abnormalities. Results Patients with DN had significantly higher serum SCC, Cyfra21-1, and CEA levels than those with normoalbuminuria and healthy controls. The rates of positive SCC, Cyfra21-1, and CEA significantly increased with increasing urinary albumin excretion (all P for trend < 0.001). In contrast, NSE was not affected by DN. SCC, Cyfra21-1, and CEA were significantly and positively correlated with UACR. In logistic regression, after multivariable adjustment, increased UACR was associated with increased odds ratio of elevated tumor marker levels (all P for trend < 0.05). Conclusions Serum levels of SCC, Cyfra21-1, and CEA are markedly increased with increasing urinary albumin excretion, which affects the specificity for diagnosis for lung cancer. Appropriate interpretation of tumor markers in diabetic patients is mandatory to avoid unnecessary and even hazardous biopsies.

<p>Serum Tumor Marker Dynamics as Predictive Biomarkers in NSCLC Chemo-Immunotherapy and Mono-Immunotherapy Maintenance: A Registry-Based Descriptive Study</p>

“…It is well known, that STM can be influenced by factors apart from malignancies, like infection, renal function impairment or trauma. 23–26 Thus, it seems likely, that CHT and associated complications like neutropenia, infections or tumor response to CHT itself may affect STM response and could explain the smaller effect on PFS in the CHT-ICI setting. Also, a majority of patients responded to CHT-ICI radiologically as well as concerning STM which leads to a clear imbalance in subgroups sample sizes that confines the validity of the reported results.…”

The Non-Cancer Specific Elevation of the Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen during the Post-Radiotherapy Follow-Up of Cervical Cancer Patients

“…A literature review identified 30 papers reporting clinical factors potentially associated with the non-cancer specific elevation of serum SCC levels ( Figure S2 , Table 2 ) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Based on these data, the association between benign respiratory disease, benign skin disease, or renal dysfunction (RD, defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 over 3 months [ 46 ]) during the follow-up and the occurrence of SCC elevation was analyzed.…”

Rapid and quantitative detection of urinary Cyfra21-1 using fluorescent nanosphere-based immunochromatographic test strip for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of bladder cancer

“…Serum Cyfra21-1 is an effective diagnostic biomarker for cancers such as lung cancer and oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [10][11][12], and previous studies also confirmed that the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of urinary Cyfra21-1 for bladder cancer were about 60-90% and 40-92%, respectively [8,[13][14][15][16]. Immunoassaybased techniques such as electro chemiluminescent immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic assay were most often used for urinary Cyfra21-1 detection [17][18][19]. These detection methods suffer from some problems.…”