Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide alter resource allocation to growth, storage and defence in cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Forbes, Samantha J.; Cernusak, Lucas A.; Northfield, Tobin D.; Gleadow, Roslyn M.; Lambert, Smilja; Cheesman, Alexander W.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.103997

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…After 1 month, on June 29th 2018, elevated CO 2 with a target concentration of 800 ppm was initiated in one of the chambers of the glasshouse, while a second chamber remained at ambient CO 2 concentrations. Operation of the glasshouse and CO 2 injection was as described previously (Apgaua et al 2019;Forbes et al 2020). The actual achieved CO 2 concentration difference between the two treatments was ~268 ppm, as seen in Appendix S2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings

2021

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Tropical tree species employ varying strategies in young leaves to minimise losses to herbivory. The young leaves of species with delayed greening are thought to be less visible to herbivores, but likely incur a cost to leaf‐level carbon gain via lower photosynthetic rates during leaf development. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may reduce the cost of delayed greening, and/or modify leaf expansion rates, altering the ecological interaction of species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on physiological responses of three Australian rainforest tree species, two with delayed greening in young leaves. Net photosynthesis rates were significantly lower in recently flushed leaves of species with delayed greening than in the species with normal greening. Yet, surprisingly, total nitrogen concentrations were higher in the former than in the latter. Intrinsic water‐use efficiency increased at a steeper rate during leaf development under elevated CO2 in all three species, irrespective of greening strategy. Leaf growth rate, in terms of area expansion, did not increase under elevated CO2 in any of the species. Although elevated CO2 did not boost the performance of the delayed greening species more than that of the normal greening species, we found higher nitrogen concentrations in their young leaves. This supports the intriguing possibility that delayed greening may have evolved in these species to protect young leaves that are especially rich in nitrogen.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2019; Forbes et al . 2020). The actual achieved CO 2 concentration difference between the two treatments was ~268 ppm, as seen in Appendix .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings

2021

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“…Few studies have analyzed the changes in the toxicity of cassava under elevated [CO 2 ]. Moreover, results have been contradictory, with increases ( Gleadow et al ., 2009 a ), decreases ( Forbes et al ., 2020 ), or no change ( Rosenthal et al ., 2012 ) in the amount of cyanide-containing compounds in the tissues of plants grown at elevated [CO 2 ]. These differing results could be due to differences in the experimental conditions or cultivar-specific responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the few studies examining cassava response to elevated [CO 2 ] (Fernandez et al ., 2002; Rosenthal et al ., 2012 ; Cruz et al ., 2014 ; Gleadow et al ., 2009 a ; Forbes et al ., 2020 ), only one ( Rosenthal et al ., 2012 ) grew cassava in the field under free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE). In that study, elevated [CO 2 ] stimulated leaf photosynthesis ( A , µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ) by 30%, leading to a 104% and 90% increase in dry and fresh root biomass, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration

Ruiz‐Vera

Souza

Ament

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Cassava has the potential to alleviate food insecurity in many tropical regions, yet few breeding efforts to increase yield have been made. Improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava has the potential to increase yields, but cassava roots must have sufficient sink strength to prevent carbohydrates from accumulating in leaf tissue and suppressing photosynthesis. Here, we grew eight farmer-preferred African cassava cultivars under Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) to evaluate the sink strength of cassava roots when photosynthesis increases due to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]). Relative to the ambient treatments, elevated [CO2] treatments increased fresh (+27%) and dry (+37%) root biomass, which was driven by an increase in photosynthesis (+31%) and the absence of photosynthetic down-regulation over the growing season. Moreover, intrinsic water use efficiency improved under elevated [CO2] conditions, while leaf protein content and leaf and root cyanide concentrations were not affected. Overall, these results suggest that higher cassava yields can be expected as atmospheric [CO2] increases over the coming decades. However, there were cultivar differences in the partitioning of resources to roots versus above-grown biomass; thus, the particular responses of each cultivar must be considered when selecting candidates for improvement.

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“…Among the environmental factors, ambient temperature and soil water content are two major abiotic factors in the limitation of plant distribution and productivity ( Küsters et al, 2021 ; Yan, Zhong & Shangguan, 2020 ; Kumari et al, 2021 ). Their change will directly and/or indirectly influence plant physiological processes, such as resource allocation ( Farfan-Vignolo & Asard, 2012 ; Forbesa et al, 2020 ), net photosynthetic rate ( Shao et al, 2021 ; Yamori, Hikosaka & Way, 2014 ), carboxylation efficiency ( Liu et al, 2022 ), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) ( Aragón-Gastélum et al, 2020 ; Song et al, 2016a ) and water use efficiency ( Liu et al, 2019 ), which then impact the global carbon cycling. Among all the plant physiological processes, photosynthesis plays an important role in substance metabolism ( Ort et al, 2015 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of precipitation change on the photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis under elevated temperature conditions

Teng

Liu

Chu

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background As a fundamental metabolism, leaf photosynthesis not only provides necessary energy for plant survival and growth but also plays an important role in global carbon fixation. However, photosynthesis is highly susceptible to environmental stresses and can be significantly influenced by future climate change. Methods In this study, we examined the photosynthetic responses of Phragmites australis (P. australis) to three precipitation treatments (control, decreased 30%, and increased 30%) under two thermal regimes (ambient temperature and +4 °C) in environment-controlled chambers. Results Our results showed that the net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), maximal rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), maximal rate of ribulose-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration (Jmax) and chlorophyll (Chl) content were enhanced under increased precipitation condition, but were declined drastically under the condition of water deficit. The increased precipitation had no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p > 0.05), but water deficit drastically enhanced the MDA content by 10.1%. Meanwhile, a high temperature inhibited the positive effects of increased precipitation, aggravated the adverse effects of drought. The combination of high temperature and water deficit had more detrimental effect on P. australis than a single factor. Moreover, non-stomatal limitation caused by precipitation change played a major role in determining carbon assimilation rate. Under ambient temperature, Chl content had close relationship with Pn (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.01). Under high temperature, Pn was ralated to MDA content (R2 = 0.81, p < 0.01). High temperature disrupted the balance between Vcmax and Jmax (the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax decreased from 1.88 to 1.12) which resulted in a negative effect on the photosynthesis of P. australis. Furthermore, by the analysis of Chl fluorescence, we found that the xanthophyll cycle-mediated thermal dissipation played a major role in PSII photoprotection, resulting in no significant change on actual PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII) under both changing precipitation and high temperature conditions. Conclusions Our results highlight the significant role of precipitation change in regulating the photosynthetic performance of P. australis under elevated temperature conditions, which may exacerbate the drought-induced primary productivity reduction of P. australis under future climate scenarios.

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Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide alter resource allocation to growth, storage and defence in cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings

High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration

Effect of precipitation change on the photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis under elevated temperature conditions

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Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide alter resource allocation to growth, storage and defence in cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO2 in tropical tree seedlings

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO2 in tropical tree seedlings

High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration

Effect of precipitation change on the photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis under elevated temperature conditions

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Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings

Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO₂ in tropical tree seedlings