“…The increase of swelling caused by He-H synergistic effects in materials under different experimental conditions had been demonstrated in previous studies (Farrell and Lee, 1985;Farrell and Lee, 1987;Sekimura et al, 2000;Tanaka et al, 2004;Borodin et al, 2013;Brimbal et al, 2015;Kupriiyanova et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2021). However, some results (Farrell et al, 1978;Hamada et al, 1997;Kupriiyanova et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2020) showed that He-H synergistic effects on swelling are not monotonic, indicating that the swelling may not always be enhanced but also be suppressed under triple beam irradiation. For example, Jiang et al (2020) recently reported that the cavity swelling of alpha-Cr was 0.8% under single beam irradiation, while a lower swelling of 0.5% was observed under triple beam irradiation.…”