Elucidating the degradation reaction pathways for the hydrothermal carbonisation of hemp via biochemical compositional analysis

Keiller, Benjamin G.; Potter, M. A.; Burton, Rachel A.; Eyk, Philip J. van

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120450

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The main product formed after the HTC process is the solid substance called hydrochars with higher carbon and lower oxygen than the raw material. The yields and properties of hydrochars obtained from biomass are significantly affected by HTC parameters (such as the type of raw material, temperature, time, and percentage of solid in the feed). − For this reason, many studies have been conducted investigating the effects of process variables on HTC of biomass. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Chlorides on the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Grape Seeds

et al. 2021

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In this study, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of grape seeds, a lignocellulosic biomass, was carried out at various temperatures (200, 225, and 250 °C), different reaction times (6, 12, and 24 h), and different biomass:water ratios (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1). The most important parameter affecting the yields and characteristics of hydrochars was found to be temperature. The HTC of grape seeds was then conducted in the presence of metal chlorides (i.e., CsCl, ZnCl 2 , and SnCl 2 ) at temperatures of 200, 225, and 250 °C for 12 h. SnCl 2 behaved very differently in the HTC process than the other catalysts (or no catalyst). A major difference among these catalysts was the extent to which they were incorporated within the hydrochar structure. SnCl 2 was much more readily incorporated than was CsCl or ZnCl 2 . Carbon microspheres were observed in hydrochars from obtained biomass without a catalyst and with CsCl and ZnCl 2 catalysts; agglomerated carbon nanospheres were observed in hydrochars produced with SnCl 2 . Hydrochars obtained at 225 and 250 °C by using SnCl 2 and ZnCl 2 catalysts were in the lignite class, while hydrochars obtained from biomass without a catalyst, and using CsCl, were in the peat coal class.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Chlorides on the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Grape Seeds

et al. 2021

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“…For this reason, a key aspect that would be beneficial for future HTC models to consider is the ability to generate reliable results using feedstock with different percent compositions of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The scope of current research in HTC has been largely limited to reaction processes for specific types of biomass or even singular lignocellulosic components [25,56,57]. If computational models were able to adjust and accurately simulate the reaction pathways for varieties of biomass sources, the decrease in specificity would strengthen their reliability for general use.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Variable Feedstock Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Keiller et al [57] conducted a similar study to that of Kang et al [56] and came up with kinetic models for each of the three biomass components by subjecting hemp to HTC. Their kinetic model accounted for temperature dependent behavior over the duration of the reaction, recalculating the rate constant every 15 s during the batch reactor's heat-up period to account for any degradation taking place.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Variable Feedstock Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

2022

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to gain recognition over other valorization techniques for organic and biomass residue in recent research. The hydrochar product of HTC can be effectively produced from various sustainable resources and has been shown to have impressive potential for a wide range of applications. As industries work to adapt the implementation of HTC over large processes, the need for reliable models that can be referred to for predictions and optimization studies are becoming imperative. Although much of the available research relating to HTC has worked on the modeling area, a large gap remains in developing advanced computational models that can better describe the complex mechanisms, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics that take place in the reactor of the process. This review aims to highlight the importance of expanding the research relating to computational modeling for HTC conversion of biomass. It identifies six research areas that are recommended to be further examined for contributing to necessary advancements that need to be made for large-scale and continuous HTC operations. The six areas that are identified for further investigation are variable feedstock compositions, heat of exothermic reactions, type of reactor and scale-up, consideration of pre-pressurization, consideration of the heat-up period, and porosity of feedstock. Addressing these areas in future HTC modeling efforts will greatly help with commercialization of this promising technology.

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“…Long hemp bast bers from hemp stalk have been used for a myriad of applications such as textiles, paper, and biodegradable composites (Wang et al 2020). Chemical composition of hemp bast consists of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and gums including pectin, oil, wax, minerals (Liu et al 2017; Keiller et al 2021), and other non-cellulosic components. Gums in natural bers are complex carbohydrate polymers with long sugar chains including hydroxyproline proteins, resins, and other compounds that can be soluble, partly soluble, or insoluble.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degumming of Hemp Fibers Using Combined Microwave Energy and Deep Eutectic Solvent Treatment

Ahmed

Gwon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Hemp bast fibers were degummed using combined microwave energy (MWE) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) to generate pure hemp cellulose fibers for potential textile applications. The properties of the obtained fibers were investigated and compared with those from the traditional alkali-based process using several analytical techniques. Results revealed that hemp fiber surface underwent dramatic structural disruption during the pretreatment, due to the removal of “gummy” compounds (i.e., lignin, pectin, oil, and wax) and amorphous cellulose. Ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) of DES-treated fibers with 1:20 fiber-DES ratio (i.e., 183.67) were significantly higher than those from the traditional alkali-treated (140.75) and untreated raw hemp fibers (127.47). The treated fibers also had higher thermal stability. Chemical composition analysis showed that the cellulose content in the treated fiber samples increased to 49.95% which was comparable with the cellulose content of the alkali-treated fibers (49.49%). The study demonstrates a potentially effective, less time-consuming, and environmentally sustainable protocol for manufacturing purified hemp cellulose fibers using combined MWE-DES treatment.

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Elucidating the degradation reaction pathways for the hydrothermal carbonisation of hemp via biochemical compositional analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Metal Chlorides on the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Grape Seeds

Effects of Metal Chlorides on the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Grape Seeds

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

Degumming of Hemp Fibers Using Combined Microwave Energy and Deep Eutectic Solvent Treatment

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