“…In recent decades, research on embodied energy using input-output analysis has been developed in a spurt with the continuous improvement of input-output technology, along with the growing enrichment of energy statistics in various countries and different input-output databases. The related literature can be divided according to the research scale, including the global level (Bortolamedi, 2015;Chen and Wu, 2017;Jiang et al, 2020), multilateral country level (Wu and Chen, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019), bilateral country level (Yang et al, 2014;Tao et al, 2018), single-country level (Costanza, 1980;Lenzen, 1998;Machado et al, 2001;Lam et al, 2019;Wang and Yang, 2020), region level (Sun et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2020a;Zheng et al, 2020), city level (Chen and Chen, 2015;Guo et al, 2015Guo et al, , 2020b, and sector level (Liu et al, 2012, Liu et al, 2020aSun et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2019). There are also numerous studies regarding the research of embodied energy of different energy varieties, such as coal (Xia et al, 2017;Wu and Chen, 2018), oil (Tang et al, 2012;Wu and Chen, 2019;Wang and Yang, 2020), natural gas (Kan et al, 2019(Kan et al, , 2020, biomass (Ji et al, 2020), and nuclear energy (Cortés-Borda et al, 2015).…”