Embolization of High Flow Arteriovenous Malformations: Experience with Use of Superabsorbent Polymer Microspheres

Ethanol embolotherapy of hand arteriovenous malformations

“…NBCA was thought to be a permanent embolic agent; however, there have been reports on the recanalization and neovascular recruitment after complete occlusion with NBCA. 2,18 Ethanol is known to induce protein denaturation of endothelial cells with subsequent denudation of vessel wall and thrombus formation, resulting in complete obliteration and permanent damage to the AVM nidus. 12,19,20 In terms of these points, we prefer to use ethanol as the embolic agent of choice for the treatment of AVMs.…”

Ethanol Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformations: Interim Results

“…Because glue embolization failure and a high amputation rate were associated with lower extremity AVMs, the final outcomes were worse than those reported in our study. Osuga et al (29) described their experience with sodium acrylate and vinyl alcohol copolymer particles in the management of facial and extremity AVMs in 25 patients (mean follow-up, 37.8 months). Symptom palliation was achieved in 80% of cases by using embolization alone or in combination with surgery, and there were no major complications.…”

Vascular malformations

“…96,97 Newer agents, such as ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and superabsorbent polymer microsphere particles, have also been explored recently. 98,99 Recently, the concept of angiosomes, the separation of the body into compartments of soft tissue and bone defined by vascular supply, has been applied to the head and neck and may guide treatment strategy for AVMs. In one retrospective study, AVMs of all 23 patients were formed by collateral vessels that joined two or more angiosomes (anastomotic zones).…”