Embryo production from superovulated cattle following insemination of sexed sperm

Schenk, J.L.; Suh, T.K.; Seidel, G. E.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.026

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Similar results have been reported previously (Kaimio et al, 2013). These results were observed even when greater sperm concentrations (10 x 10 6 and 20 x 10 6 ) were used in heat detection AI (Sartori et al, 2004), when timed AI (TAI) was used in heifers that were superovulated without an ovulation inductor (Schenk et al, 2006), when AI was conducted 6 h after the pre-established time (Soares et al, 2011), and when four inseminations were done with estrus observation (Larson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Several studies have reported the use of different strategies for increasing the results of artificial insemination (AI) using sex-sorted semen in superovulated donors. These strategies include using different sperm concentrations (Sartori et al, 2004;Schenk et al, 2006), using fresh sex-sorted semen (Hayakawa et al, 2009), using a higher number of AIs (Peippo et al, 2009;Larson et al, 2010) and using AI at different times (Soares et al, 2011). The use of sexsorted semen in superovulated cattle is promising when considering the limitations of in vitro embryo production related to cryopreservation (Viana and Camargo, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertilization rate and embryo production of superovulated dairy cows after insemination with non-sorted and sex-sorted semen

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the fertilization rate of cows that were superovulated and artificially inseminated with sex-sorted semen. Cows were treated with an intravaginal progesterone device plus estradiol benzoate (day 0). Superstimulation treatments began four days after with eight applications of FSH at 12 h intervals. D-Cloprostenol was administered on day 6. Progesterone device was removed on day 7, and LH was administered on day 8. The treatments were divided as follows: NonSx, two AI with non-sorted semen were conducted 12 and 24 h after LH; Sx12&24, two AI with sex-sorted semen were conducted 12 and 24 h after LH; and Sx24&36, two AI with sex-sorted semen were conducted 24 and 36 h after LH. Embryos were recovered on day 16 and were evaluated and classified. Percentage of fertilized embryos tended to be greater for the non-sorted semen than the sex-sorted semen. The number of unfertilized oocytes was smaller when the non-sorted semen was used relative to the sex-sorted semen. There was no difference between the treatments that used sexed semen. In conclusion, the use of sex-sorted semen in superovulated dairy cows results in greater numbers of unfertilized oocytes than non-sorted. However, when only sorted semen is used AI should be performed 24 and 36 h after LH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization rate and embryo production of superovulated dairy cows after insemination with non-sorted and sex-sorted semen

et al. 2016

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“…However, yields of transferable quality embryos can be reduced by half in cows and somewhat less in heifers (Schenk et al, 2006;Kaimio et al, 2013). Nevertheless, this still makes excellent economic sense because recipient resources are not wasted to produce calves of the less valuable sex.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on sexed semen technology in cattle

Seidel

2014

Animal

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The technology in current use for sexing sperm represents remarkable feats of engineering. These flow cytometer/cell sorters can make over 30 000 consecutive evaluations of individual sperm each second for each nozzle and sort the sperm into three containers: X-sperm, Y-sperm and unsexable plus dead sperm. Even at these speeds it is not economical to package sperm at standard numbers per inseminate. However, with excellent management, pregnancy rates in cattle with 2 million sexed sperm per insemination dose are about 80% of those with conventional semen at normal sperm doses. This lowered fertility, in part due to damage to sperm during sorting, plus the extra cost of sexed semen limits the applications that are economically feasible. Even so, on the order of 2 million doses of bovine semen are sexed annually in the United States. The main application is for dairy heifers to have heifer calves, either for herd expansion or for sale as replacements, often for eventual export. Breeders of purebred cattle often use sexed semen for specific matings; thawing and then sexing frozen semen and immediately using the few resulting sexed sperm for in vitro fertilization is done with increasing frequency. Beef cattle producers are starting to use sexed semen to produce crossbred female replacements. Proprietary improvements in sperm sexing procedures, implemented in 2013, are claimed to improve fertility between 4 and 6 percentage points, or about 10%.Keywords: sexed semen, cattle, fertility, economics ImplicationsOver the next few years, it is unlikely that any fundamentally new technology will become available for sexing sperm commercially. However, incremental improvements in flow cytometer/cell sorting procedures almost certainly will result in faster speeds of sexing sperm and improved fertility. However, fertility of sexed semen is unlikely to exceed 90% of unsexed semen for most situations for several years, so profitable applications for cattle will be limited. Longer term prospects are encouraging; since sperm are evaluated one at a time, some defective sperm are discarded during sexing, and this may become more sophisticated, increasing fertility. IntroductionMost companies and cooperatives selling bovine semen in the United States sell sexed semen from a subset of their bulls. For reasons to be explained later, it is impossible to know the precise volume of sexed semen sales, but a consensus figure is on the order of 2 million doses annually, averaged over beef and dairy sires and domestic and export sales. This represents something < 5% of bovine semen sales volume.To interpret the sexed semen industry, it will be useful to consider a bit of history plus some intellectual property issues. Sexing sperm is still a developing technology, so changes in the product continue to be made, such as improving fertility, increasing accuracy of sexing, adding flexibility to delivery systems and reducing costs. Intellectual property issuesThere is only one useable, reasonably accurate method of sexing mammalian sperm availab...

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“…The success after depositing higher doses of 10 to 20 million spermatozoa seems to be dependent on the sire or MOET conditions. Whereas Schenk et al (2006) obtained lower fertilisation rates after AI with 20 million sex-sorted spermatozoa compared with controls, another study showed comparable fertility among groups when two inseminations were performed in 12-h intervals with five million sex-sorted spermatozoa (Hayakawa et al 2009). …”

Section: Ai Strategies With Sex-sorted Spermmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Rath¹,

Barcikowski²,

Graaf³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Pre-selection of spermatozoa based on the relative DNA difference between X-and Y-chromosome bearing populations by flow cytometry is an established method that has been introduced into commercial cattle production. Although several important improvements have increased the sort efficiency, the fertilising ability of sexed spermatozoa based on offspring per insemination is still behind farmers' expectations. The main stress factors, especially on mitochondria, that reduce the lifespan of spermatozoa are described, and new technical as well as biological solutions to maintain the natural sperm integrity and to increase the sorting efficiency are discussed. Among these methods are the identification of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa by bi-functionalised gold nanoparticles and triplex hybridisation in vivo as well as new laser-controlled deflection system that replaces the deflection of spermatozoa in the electrostatic field. Additionally, as well as a new nonsurgical transfer system of spermatozoa into the oviduct of cows has been developed and allows a significant reduction of spermatozoa per transfer. Altogether, the improvements made in the recent years will allow a broader use of sex-sorted spermatozoa even in those species that require more cells than cows and sheep.Reproduction (2013) 145 R15-R30

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Embryo production from superovulated cattle following insemination of sexed sperm

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Fertilization rate and embryo production of superovulated dairy cows after insemination with non-sorted and sex-sorted semen

Fertilization rate and embryo production of superovulated dairy cows after insemination with non-sorted and sex-sorted semen

Update on sexed semen technology in cattle

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

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