Embryonic Stem Cells in Safety Pharmacology and Toxicology

Stummann, Tina C.; Bremer, Susanne

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_2

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are unique models for studying genotoxic stresses including those produced by ionizing radiation (IR) because of their virtually unlimited proliferation potential12. In addition, their ability to differentiate into various tissues allows for studying the effects of IR on the developmental processes3.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of ionizing radiation on the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells

Panyutin

Holar

Neumann

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We studied the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on continuous growth of seven hESC lines. Cells were exposed to 0, 0.2, or 1 Gy of X-rays, and the growth rates of cell populations were assessed by measuring areas of the same individual colonies versus time. The population doubling times (DT) of sham-irradiated cells varied from 18.9 to 28.7 hours for different cell lines. All cell lines showed similar reaction to IR, i.e. cell populations dropped within 24–48 hours post IR; after that they recovered and grew with the same rate as the sham-irradiated cells. The relative cell survival (RCS), i.e. the ratio of normalized cell population in the irradiated samples to that of the sham-irradiated ones varied from 0.6 to 0.8 after 0.2 Gy, and from 0.1 to 0.2 after 1 Gy IR for different cell lines. We found that the RCS values of hESC lines correlated directly with their DT, i.e. the faster cells grow the more radiosensitive they are. We also found that DT and RCS values of individual colonies varied significantly within all hESC lines. We believe that the method developed herein can be useful for assessing other cytotoxic insults on cultures of hESC.

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Effect of ionizing radiation on the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells

Panyutin

Holar

Neumann

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells offer great potential in cell‐based therapies and regenerative medicine , and in the pharmaceutical industry as a reliable source of human cells for drug testing . The dangers of teratoma formation require an extremely careful selection and characterization of stem cells before clinical use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Label‐free biomarkers of human embryonic stem cell differentiation to hepatocytes

et al. 2016

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Four different label-free, minimally invasive, live single cell analysis techniques were applied in a quantitative comparison, to characterize embryonic stem cells and the hepatocytes into which they were differentiated. Atomic force microscopy measures the cell's mechanical properties, Raman spectroscopy measures its chemical properties, and dielectrophoresis measures the membrane's capacitance. They were able to assign cell type of individual cells with accuracies of 91% (atomic force microscopy), 95.5% (Raman spectroscopy), and 72% (dielectrophoresis). In addition, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy was able to easily identify hepatocytes in images by the presence of lipid droplets. These techniques, used either independently or in combination, offer label-free methods to study individual living cells. Although these minimally invasive biomarkers can be applied to sense phenotypical or environmental changes to cells, these techniques have most potential in human stem cell therapies where the use of traditional biomarkers is best avoided. Destructive assays consume valuable stem cells and do not characterize the cells which go on to be used in therapies; whereas immunolabeling risks altering cell behavior. It was suggested how these four minimally invasive methods could be applied to cell culture, and how they could in future be combined into one microfluidic chip for cell sorting. V C 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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“…Stummann and Bremer 46 have discussed progress in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) technology and the development of methods for screening for embryotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and hepatoxicity. Also of great importance are the emerging procedures for producing pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells, i.e., what are known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).…”

Section: In Vivo Studies On Lower Organisms Many Types Of Organism Undoubtedly Have Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Integrated and Intelligent Testing Strategies in the Prediction of Toxic Hazard and in Risk Assessment

Balls

Combes²,

Bhogal

2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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There is increasing concern that insurmountable differences between humans and laboratory animals limit the relevance and reliability for hazard identification and risk assessment purposes of animal data produced by traditional toxicity test procedures. A way forward is offered by the emerging new technologies, which can be directly applied to human material or even to human beings themselves. This promises to revolutionise the evaluation of the safety of chemicals and chemical products of various kinds and, in particular, pharmaceuticals. The available and developing technologies are summarised and it is emphasised that they will need to be used selectively, in integrated and intelligent testing strategies, which, in addition to being scientifically sound, must be manageable and affordable. Examples are given of proposed testing strategies for general chemicals, cosmetic ingredients, candidate pharmaceuticals, inhaled substances, nanoparticles and neurotoxicity.

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Embryonic Stem Cells in Safety Pharmacology and Toxicology

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of ionizing radiation on the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells

Effect of ionizing radiation on the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells

Label‐free biomarkers of human embryonic stem cell differentiation to hepatocytes

The Use of Integrated and Intelligent Testing Strategies in the Prediction of Toxic Hazard and in Risk Assessment

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