Emergency deployment of oral cholera vaccine for the Rohingya in Bangladesh

Qadri, Firdausi; Azad, Abul Kalam; Flora, Meerjady Sabrina; Khan, Ashraful Islam; Islam, Tarikul; Nair, G. Balakrish; Singh, Poonam; Clemens, John D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30993-0

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…17 Another large campaign was conducted in Bangladesh in the forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN), where vaccine was delivered at ambient temperatures on the day of vaccination. 18 These experiences are highly relevant to policy makers for further planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, coverage and cost of oral cholera vaccination conducted by icddr,b using the existing national immunization service delivery mechanism in rural setting Keraniganj, Bangladesh

Khan

Siddique

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Background : Cholera is a considerable health burden in developing country settings including Bangladesh. The oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is a preventative tool to control the disease. The objective of this study was to describe whether the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), could provide the OCV to rural communities using existing government infrastructure. Methods : The study was conducted in rural sub-district Keraniganj, 20 km from the capital city Dhaka. All listed participants one year and above in age (excluding pregnant women) were offered two doses of OCV at a 14 day interval. Existing government facilities were used to deliver and also maintain the cold chain required for the vaccine. All events related to vaccination were recorded at the 17 vaccination sites to evaluate the coverage and feasibility of OCV program. Results : A total of 29,029 individuals received the 1st dose (90% of target) and 26,611 individuals received the 2nd dose (83% of target and 92% of 1st dose individuals) of OCV. The highest vaccination coverage was in younger children (1–9 years) and the lowest was amongst 18–29-year age group. Somewhat better coverage was seen amongst the female participants than males (92% vs. 88% for the 1st dose and 93% vs. 90% for the 2nd dose). The cost of vaccine cost was calculated as US$1.00 per dose plus freight, insurance, and transportation and the total vaccine delivery cost was US$70,957. Conclusion : This was a project undertaken using existing public health program resources to collect empirical evidence on the use of a mass OCV campaign in the rural setting. Mass vaccination with the OCV is feasible in the rural setting using existing governmental vaccine delivery systems in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, coverage and cost of oral cholera vaccination conducted by icddr,b using the existing national immunization service delivery mechanism in rural setting Keraniganj, Bangladesh

Khan

Siddique

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The camps of the study participants were 6-7 kilometers from the nearest health facility. The study population had also missed the first OCV campaign that was carried out in October 2017 [13] since they had arrived in Bangladesh after the vaccination had been carried out.…”

Section: Field Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of a killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

et al. 2020

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After the large influx of Rohingya nationals (termed Forcibly Displaced Myanmar National; FDMN) from Rakhine State of Myanmar to Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh, it was apparent that outbreaks of cholera was very likely in this setting where people were living under adverse water and sanitation conditions. Large campaigns of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) were carried out as a preemptive measure to control cholera epidemics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune responses of healthy adults and children after administration of two doses of OCV at 14 days interval in FDMN population and compare with the response observed in Bangladeshi's vaccinated earlier. A cross-sectional immunogenicity study was conducted among FDMNs of three age cohort; in adults (18+years; n = 83), in older children (6-17 years; n = 63) and in younger children (1-5 years; n = 80). Capillary blood was collected at three time points to measure vibriocidal antibodies using either plasma or dried blood spot (DBS) specimens. There was a significant increase of responder frequency of vibriocidal antibody titer at day 14 in all groups for Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa/Inaba: adults-64%/64%, older children-70%/89% and younger children-51%/75%). There was no overall difference of vibriocidal antibody titer between FDMN and Bangladeshi population at baseline (p = 0.07-0.08) and at day 14, day 28 in all age groups for both serotypes. The seroconversion rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of either serotype were comparable using both plasma and DBS specimens. These results showed that OCV is capable of inducing robust immune responses in adults and children among the FDMN population which is comparable to that seen in Bangladeshi participants in different age groups or that reported from other cholera endemic countries. Our results also suggest that the displaced population were exposed to V. cholerae prior to seeking shelter in Bangladesh.

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“…The present flow of displaced Rohingya started in August, 2017, and about 700 000 Rohingya, mostly women and children, have migrated. 5 The Government of Bangladesh with WHO started prompt emergency vaccination 6 against measles, rubella, and polio from Sept 16, 2017. Vaccination against diphtheria (which needs three phases of vaccination) started on Dec 12, 2017, whereas the epidemic started on Nov 3, 2017.…”

Section: Resurgence Of Infectious Diseases Due To Forced Migration: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence of infectious diseases due to forced migration: is planetary health and One Health action synergistic?

Flowra

Asaduzzaman

2018

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Emergency deployment of oral cholera vaccine for the Rohingya in Bangladesh

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Feasibility, coverage and cost of oral cholera vaccination conducted by icddr,b using the existing national immunization service delivery mechanism in rural setting Keraniganj, Bangladesh

Feasibility, coverage and cost of oral cholera vaccination conducted by icddr,b using the existing national immunization service delivery mechanism in rural setting Keraniganj, Bangladesh

Immunogenicity of a killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

Resurgence of infectious diseases due to forced migration: is planetary health and One Health action synergistic?

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