Emergency Pediatric Imaging: Current Status and Update

Swischuk, Leonard E.

doi:10.1053/j.sult.2007.01.010

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These views (supine-erect; both) are frequently included in the screening of children presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. [ 18 ] In a review regarding the use of APF X-ray in 431 children presenting with abdominal pain at an emergency department, 82% of the examinations revealed findings that were normal, incidental, or misleading with respect to the child's final diagnosis. [ 1 ] On the other hand, in any of the conditions listed among several high-yield criteria, APF X-ray has a sensitivity >90% with respect to findings diagnostic or suggestive of major abdominal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a radiation reduction campaign targeting children with gastrointestinal symptoms in a pediatric emergency department

Kwon

Jung

2017

Medicine

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Children feature more active cellular division and a smaller body area, which leads to a greater radiation dosage accumulation. We tried to reduce radiation hazards by reducing unnecessary radiological studies in a pediatric emergency department (PED) through the radiation reduction campaign.Our campaign involved a reduction from 2 (erect and supine) to 1 ordered abdominal plain radiograph (erect). This quasi-experimental, uncontrolled before-and-after study aimed to evaluate the campaign effect. We compared simple radiograph orders, length of stay (LOS) in PED, and return visit (RV) to PED between the before period (June 1, 2011–May 30, 2014) and the after period (June 1, 2014–May 30, 2015). Piecewise regression was used to assess rate differences between the periods.A total of 10,729 and 3515 patients were included before and after the campaign, respectively. During study periods, 9647 (90%) and 2710 (77%) total abdominal radiographs were ordered, respectively (rate difference = 13%; P < 0.001), and the slopes of rate changes were 0.03 and −0.71, respectively (P = 0.056). The total abdominal erect and supine film rate slope decreased from −0.19 to −2.86 (P = 0.004). The RV rate did not change (220 [2%] vs 56 [2%], respectively; P = 0.104). The slope of total RV rate changed from −0.01 to −0.05 (P = 0.132), and the slope of LOS changed from 0.001 to −0.352 (P = 0.243).The campaign to reduce abdominal radiograph orders in pediatric patients successfully reduced the abdominal plain film X-ray rate without on the RV rate and the LOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a radiation reduction campaign targeting children with gastrointestinal symptoms in a pediatric emergency department

Kwon

Jung

2017

Medicine

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“…Imaging plays an important role in cancer detection and monitoring. Since Roentgen discovered x-rays in December 1895, radiography has been the most established of all imaging techniques (5) (6). However, over the past 40 years, new imaging techniques have emerged, including ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT Lung Images Segmentation Using Image Processing And Markov Random Field

Aziz¹,

Saripan²,

Saad³

et al. 2022

MJMHS

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Introduction: In this study, the performance of computed tomography lung image segmentation using image processing and Markov Random Field was investigated. Before cancer segmentation and analysis, lung segmentation is an important initial process. Thus, the aim of this study is to find the optimal Markov Random Field setting for lung segmentation. Methods: The Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging at UPM provided 11 anonymous sets of cancerous lung CT images for this study. The thresholding technique is an effective method for medical image segmentation when the priori information for the region of interest is known, such as the Hounsfield Unit value of lung. Due to the large differences in grey levels in the image, the thresholding approach is difficult to apply in segmentation, especially for lung. Thus, for the segmentation process, this study used multilevel thresholding with Markov Random Field with three settings; Iterated Condition Mode, Metropolis algorithm, and Gibbs sampler. The images then went through image processing procedures which were binarization, small object removal, lung region extraction and lung segmentation. The output from the experiments were analyzed and compared to determine the ideal lung segmentation setting. Results: The Jaccard index average values; Markov Random Field -Metropolis = 0.9464, Markov Random Field -ICM = 0.9499 and Markov Random Field -Gibbs = 0.9512. The Dice index average values; Markov Random Field - Metropolis = 0.9743, Markov Random Field - ICM = 0.9724 and Markov Random Field - Gibbs = 0.9749. Conclusion: Markov Random Field using Gibbs sampler delivered the best results for lung segmentation.

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