Emergency services platform for smart cities

Smart Cities and Healthcare: A Systematic Review

“…The 10 articles related to the response to emergencies focused on determining emergency situations [51], autonomous vehicles [22], intelligent management of emergency vehicles [23,52,53], and emergency management applications [24,[54][55][56][57].…”

“…In terms of emergency management applications, [54] reported on the use of semantic tools to develop a framework supporting the automatic creation of conceptual models allowing the creative design of emergency management scenarios, and [55] presented the architecture of a platform with location tracking solutions that was able to capture the live location of emergency services (e.g., ambulances, police, and firefighters) in order to ensure the minimum response time to those in need.…”

“…Data from smart city infrastructure [16,19,25,[29][30][31]48,49,52] Data provided by sensors inside vehicles [28,51] Data provided by video cameras [50,56] Data provided by gas sensors [37] Geo-tagged social media data [34][35][36]56] Data collected by online questionnaire [17,33] Data provided by lifestyle monitoring devices: Location [16,21,30,31,39,40,43,45,[48][49][50]55] Activity [18,20,24,31,41,42,48,49 [47] Finally, two articles reported on the use of social media [38,60] and one article, [22], reported on the development of an ambulance robot equipped with an AED. Using multiple sensors for navigation (vision and range sensors) this robot might be able to navigate from a point to a given destination without losing the correct path or hitting obstacles [22].…”

“…In terms of maturity level, different development stages were identified (Figure 4): eight articles proposed concepts for further development [18,25,29,32,36,40,46,50]; two articles [32,41] related to the same project reported on the ongoing activities to elicit the requirements using an interactive design approach (i.e., 35 care receivers were actively involved in all phases of the project to validate the data detection and intervention services); eight articles proposed theoretical models and applied simulation techniques to validate them [19,23,35,44,52,53,58,59] (in some cases, real data were used such as from the London Ambulance Service [53] or data available for the 27,775 citizens living in Copenhagen [58]); eight articles defined architectures [24,27,31,40,48,49,55,56], and some of them were validated (e.g., some of the components of the architecture were implemented for its validation [24] or a simulation of a use case was performed for the conceptual validation of the architecture [56]); 14 articles presented prototypes that were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the concepts [16,17,21,22,28,30,33,34,37,…”

“…Copenhagen [58]); eight articles defined architectures [24,27,31,40,48,49,55,56], and some of them were validated (e.g., some of the components of the architecture were implemented for its validation [24] or a simulation of a use case was performed for the conceptual validation of the architecture [56]); 14 articles presented prototypes that were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the concepts [16,17,21,22,28,30,33,34,37,47,51,54,57,60]; and four articles reported on prototypes that were assessed by real users [20,38,43,45].…”