Emergent diseases in reptiles

Wellehan, James F.X.; Gunkel, Cornelia I.

doi:10.1053/j.saep.2004.03.006

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The treatment of an acute lung haemorrhage includes localization and compression of bleeding vessels, together with enabling patency of the airways (Briscoe and Syring, 2004). As a supportive treatment, an infusion of solutions with glucose and the administration of B vitamins and vitamin K are indicated (Wellehan and Gunkel, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, traumatic injuries of internal organs are rather rare, and severe lung injuries are exceptional. Traumatic lung injuries and possible haemorrhage in reptiles are generally caused by inappropriate fixation or by other animals (Schumacher, 2003;Wellehan and Gunkel, 2004). The diagnosis of trauma can be evident from physical examination, radiography or endoscopy (Rubel et al, 1991;Schumacher and Toal, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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-Lung hemorrhage in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with chronic metabolic failure: a case report

Jekl¹,

Halouzka²,

Knotková³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med. - Czech

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A six year old male iguana (Iguana iguana) was brought to our clinic after a fall from a height of 1.5 meters. The patient showed apathy, dehydration, and paresis of all the limbs. Postural reflexes, palpebral reflex, and response to painful stimuli were minimal. The patient had extremely high levels of uric acid (1 734.0 µmol/l) and phosphorus (9.80 mmol/l), ratio of calcium to phosphorus (0.18), leucocytosis (23.3×109 /l) with heterophilia (17.10×10 9 /l), and high activity of ALT, AST and CK (2.09, 6.59, and 260.0 µkat/l). Tracheoscopy and pneumoscopy revealed presence of blood clots in the trachea and lungs with haemorrhage within the parenchyma. Based on the results of the clinical examination, endoscopy and laboratory diagnostics, the clinical diagnosis was chronic kidney failure, liver lipidosis and lung haemorrhage. Because of a very poor prognosis, the patient was euthanised. At necropsy, the signs of visceral gout and hepatomegaly with diffuse yellowish white discoloration and with dotted brown pigmentation were also observed. The kidneys were enlarged, and stained brown grayish. The gross and histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of visceral gout, chronic kidney failure, liver steatosis and granulomatous pneumonia, with lung haemorrhage associated with urate deposits in lung tissue and posttraumatic status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

-Lung hemorrhage in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with chronic metabolic failure: a case report

Jekl¹,

Halouzka²,

Knotková³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…47 İvermektin zehirlenmesinde ilk klinik bulgu genel nöromus-küler zayıflıktır ve ölüm genellikle solunum felci sonucu şekillenmektedir. 47 Metronidazol kullanımı, uzun süreli klorheksidinli suda kalma, kolekalsiferol (D vitamini), kurşun, kimyasal kirlilik, dinoflagella kaynaklı 'red tide' olayı gibi etkenler de zehirlenme sebepleridir. 1,48,49 Bu zehirlenmelerden SSS'de olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir.…”

Section: Zehi̇rlenme/toksi̇kozunclassified

Emergency and Critical Care in Sea Turtles

Altuğ¹,

Deveci²,

Işler³

et al. 2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Deniz kaplumbağaları olarak tanımlanan yedi türün altısı, Uluslararası Doğa Koruma Birliği (IUCN) tarafından soyu tükenme tehlikesindeki türler olarak listelenmiştir. Populasyon artışının birçok bölgede istenen düzeyde olmaması ve azalma eğiliminde olması sebebiyle koruma ve kurtarma çalışmaları önem kazanmaktadır. Çeşitli sebeplerle acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gerektiren patolojilerle sıklıkla ölüm riskiyle karşı karşıya bulunan deniz kaplumbağalarının, özellikle de dişilerin kurtarılması önem arz etmektedir. Deniz kaplumbağalarının kabuklu ve ektotermik olmaları gibi anatomik ve fizyolojik olarak bir çok hayvandan farklı özellikler göstermesi veteriner hekimlere zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kritik hasta ve yaralı deniz kaplumbağalarında acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gereken durumların ve önceliğinin belirlenmesi, önemi, uygulamaların yapılışı ve dikkat edilecek noktalar hakkında bilgiler sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Muayene ve teşhis, hastanın stabilize edilmesi, tercih edilen optimal sıcaklık aralığı (TOSA), sıvı sağaltımı, oral uygulamalar, kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon uygulamaları, terapötik ajanlar, bakım, besleme, hospitalizasyon uygulamaları gibi başlıklara dair mevcut güncel tercihler derlendi. Ayırıcı tanı ve tedavi uygulamalarındaki ilkeler ve önemli noktalara değinildi. Travmatik hasarlar, hipertermi ve hipotermi, boğulma, zehirlenme, distosi, kloaka ve fallus prolapsusları, distosi, kusma, ileus, obstrüksi-yonlar, parazitler, suya batmama sorunları, pnömoni, dekompresyon hastalığı, enfeksiyöz hastalıklar ve septisemi, bakteriyel ve fungal hastalıklar gibi önemli sorunlar hakkında özlü bilgiler verildi. Bakım şartları ve rehabilitasyonda önemli püf noktaları belirtildi. Acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gereken kritik hasta deniz kaplumbağalarında yapılması gereken uygulamalar bütüncül bir yaklaşım içerisinde derlenerek sunuldu.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Deniz kaplumbağaları; acil; yoğun bakım; derleme; caretta; chelonia A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Six of the seven species described as sea turtles were listed as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Protection and rescue efforts are gaining importance as the population increase is not at the desired level in many regions and tends to decline. It is also important to save sea turtles, especially females, who have pathologies that require emergency and critical care caused by a variety of reasons and often at risk of death. It is challenging for veterinarians that sea turtles have unusual anatomical and physiological features such as the shell and being ectothermic. This article presents information on the medical evaluation and stabilization of critically ill and injured sea turtle patients presented to the emergency clinician. Determination and priorities, importance, implementation and points to be noted of emergency and critical care are reviewed. Current preferences for examination and diagnosis, patient stabilization, preferred optimal temperature zone (POTZ), f...

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“…Reptilian dystocic females are characterized as being weak, stressed, and refusing to eat (Morgan 1988;Carmel 1991;Melidone et al 2008). Causes of dystocia are thought to be related to heightened stress, reduced humidity, and low temperatures (Wellehan and Gunkel 2004). The case of dystocia does not explain the unusual curled posture of the adult.…”

Section: Potential Cause Of Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAREIN SITUPRESERVATION OF ADULT CROCODYLIAN WITH EGGS FROM THE MIDDLE EOCENE OF GEISELTAL, GERMANY

Hastings

Hellmund

2015

PALAIOS

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Parental care is found in all extant archosaurs (crocodylians and birds) and parsimony suggests this behavior is homologous. There are known 'parent atop eggs' fossils of nonavian theropod dinosaurs (ancestors to birds), but no equivalent fossil for crocodylians has been reported yet within this context. Here we present a remarkable fossil of an adult crocodylian (Diplocynodon darwini) preserved in situ with eggs from the middle Eocene of Geiseltal, Germany, providing the first-reported evidence for the antiquity of parental care in the crocodylian lineage. The degree of articulation, the unusual curled posture of the adult, the position of the eggs, and the surrounding sediment indicate the adult may have died atop its nest after oviposition. Size relationships between the adult and eggs are consistent with values from modern related taxa and no other crocodylian was found within 12 m of the eggs. Thorough documentation of fossil vertebrate skeletons collected near the fossil crocodylian does not indicate flow influenced its curled posture. Despite being sexually mature, the adult crocodylian did not exhibit full fusion of the neurocentral sutures, an indicator of immaturity in nonavian archosaurs. Even in a paratropic environment, temperatures may temporarily drop below cold tolerance for warm-adapted crocodylians, possibly explaining the death of the adult and the young inside the eggs. Although still indicating egg attendance, the fossil may alternatively indicate the mother died from dystocia (egg-binding) during oviposition, which would be to our knowledge the first published record of this rare phenomenon in a fossil archosaur.

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Emergent diseases in reptiles

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

-Lung hemorrhage in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with chronic metabolic failure: a case report

-Lung hemorrhage in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with chronic metabolic failure: a case report

Emergency and Critical Care in Sea Turtles

RAREIN SITUPRESERVATION OF ADULT CROCODYLIAN WITH EGGS FROM THE MIDDLE EOCENE OF GEISELTAL, GERMANY

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