Emergent insects, pathogens and drought shape changing patterns in oak decline in North America and Europe

Haavik, Laurel J.; Billings, Sharon A.; Guldin, James M.; Stephen, F. M.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.019

Cited by 145 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(302 reference statements)

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“…Under a climate change scenario, those effects may boost potential vegetation changes over large geographical areas, with major impacts on forests diversity and ecosystem function (Carnicer et al, 2011). Declination has also been reported in oak forests (Haavik et al, 2015), including the Persian oak forests (Quercus brantii Lindl. var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site factors and stand conditions associated with Persian oak decline in Zagros mountain forests

Hosseini

Linares

2018

For. syst.

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Aim of study: Drought and stand structure are major and interconnected drivers of forest dynamics. Water shortage and tree-to-tree competition may interact under the current climate change scenario, increasing tree mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate climate trends, site and stand structure effects on tree mortality, with the main hypothesis that drought-induced mortality is higher as competition increases.Area of study: Persian oak forests from Zagros Range, western Iran. Material and methods:We split the study area into 20 topographical units (TUs), based on aspect, slope and elevation. In each TU, three 0.1 ha plots were established to quantify site and stand characteristics, namely the diameter of all trees and shrubs, stand density and basal area, canopy dieback and mortality. In addition, soil profiles were analyzed to obtain physical and chemical soil properties. Six transects 100 m length were established per TU to measure tree-to-tree competition for alive and dead trees.Main results: The highest mortality rates and crown dieback were found at higher elevations and southern and western aspects. Our findings confirm increasing rates of tree mortality in stands with higher tree density and shallow soils. As regard links between climate change and forest decline, our results suggest that changing forest structure may have a significant impact on dust emission.Research highlights: Despite severe dry years occurred recently the study area, they are not significantly different than those recorded in the past. Stand structure appears as a modulating factor of climate change effects, linked to competition-related tree vulnerability to drought.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site factors and stand conditions associated with Persian oak decline in Zagros mountain forests

Hosseini

Linares

2018

For. syst.

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“…Forests have been facing serious threats during the 21 st century despite some encouraging trends (Millar and Stephenson 2015), furthermore, novel patterns proposed that forest decline is changing (Haavik et al 2015). The decline of forest ecosystems is the subject of many scientific studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These health problems are important in oak forests included in decline studies in the last decades (Fan et al 2012). Complex biotic and abiotic interactions are believed to be responsible for oak decline (Sallé et al 2014, Bendixsen et al 2015, Haavik et al 2015. Symptoms of significant deterioration in the health of oak trees are starting to be observed around the world and, lately, in Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have wide distribution through Europe, Asia and North America, representing half of all forest cover (Bendixsen et al 2015, Haavik et al 2015, Tulik and Bijak 2016 and are ecologically, economically and culturally relevant (Sallé et al 2014). Oaks are also economically important for the Turkish forestry due to the variety of oak species and the extent of the area they occupy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace

et al. 2017

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“…Drought is a primary disturbance agent affecting forest productivity at local, regional, and global scales (Boisvenue and Running 2006;Zhao and Running 2010;Chen et al 2012). Drought-related decreases in forest productivity are associated with increased tree mortality (Elliott and Swank 1994;Jenkins and Pallardy 1995;Adams et al 2009;Allen et al 2010;Anderegg et al 2012), reduced growth (Fekedulegn et al 2003;Klos et al 2009;D'Amato et al 2013), and magnification of complex forest-insectdisease interactions which can, in turn, further exacerbate ongoing mortality and growth reductions (Clinton et al 1993;Desprez-Loustau et al 2006;Haavik et al 2015). Drought-related declines in forest growth and productivity-whether caused by reductions in growth or increases in mortalityhave the potential to affect the sustained production of a variety of ecosystem services, including timber production (Hanewinkel et al 2013), wildlife habitat and food resources (Sork et al 1993), and terrestrial carbon storage (Zhao and Running 2010;Vayreda et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought response of upland oak (Quercus L.) species in Appalachian hardwood forests of the southeastern USA

Keyser

Brown

2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message In Appalachian hardwood forests, density, stem size, and productivity affected growth during drought for red oak, but not white oak species. Minor effects of density suggest that a single low thinning does little to promote drought resilience for oaks in the region. & Context Management is increasingly focused on promoting resilience to disturbance. Because stand density can modulate climate-growth relationships, thinning may be an adaptation strategy that promotes resistance/resilience to drought. & Aims We examined how density, manipulated via thinning, stem size, and site productivity, influences the drought response of northern red, black, chestnut, and white oak. & Methods We modeled the role of density, stem size, and site productivity on resistance, recovery, and resilience during two drought events. & Results Chestnut and white oak displayed greater resistance, recovery, and/or resilience than did northern red and black oak. For black oak, density and stem size negatively affected resistance during the first and second drought, respectively. Density, stem size, and site productivity had no effect on chestnut and white oak. & Conclusion The lack of sensitivity of chestnut and white oak to the ranges of density, stem size, and site productivity observed in this study and generally better resistance, recovery, and resilience suggests that management focused on the maintenance of these species, as opposed to a single silvicultural low thinning, may be a possible strategy for sustaining the growth and productivity of oak species in Appalachian hardwood stands. Drought response as affected by alternative thinning interventions should be evaluated.

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Emergent insects, pathogens and drought shape changing patterns in oak decline in North America and Europe

Cited by 145 publications

References 189 publications

Site factors and stand conditions associated with Persian oak decline in Zagros mountain forests

Site factors and stand conditions associated with Persian oak decline in Zagros mountain forests

Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace

Drought response of upland oak (Quercus L.) species in Appalachian hardwood forests of the southeastern USA

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