Emerging Concepts on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Cargo Contents in Glioblastoma-Microglial Crosstalk

Pancholi, Sangati; Tripathi, Ashutosh; Bhan, Arunoday; Acharya, Munjal M.; Pillai, Prakash

doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02752-3

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…The tumor microenvironment (TME) containing the extracellular matrix (ECM), parenchyma cells, soluble factors, infiltrating immune cells, glial cells, glioma stem cells, vascular cells, fibrotic cells, and adipocytes plays a critical role in tumor growth and immune evasion [ 4 , 5 ]. Recent studies have provided substantial evidence that the progression of GBM depends on various cell-to-cell interactions and inflammatory factors in the TME, and that the components of the TME are regulated by signaling pathways and secreted factors of GBM [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets

Ren,

Xu,

Ren

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets

Ren,

Xu,

Ren

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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“…Regardless of the physiological or pathophysiological state, the diverse cargo composition of EVs determines their function in various cellular processes. Tumor cells are known to produce more EVs compared with non-tumor cells and carry specific bioactive molecules (proteins and RNAs) [ 46 ]. Glioblastoma cells also release EVs, and the major cargos are presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Glioblastoma-derived Evs Specific Cargosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis in adults. Routine treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, these may lead to rapid relapse and development of therapy-resistant tumor. Glioblastoma cells are known to communicate with macrophages, microglia, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor preservation. It was recently demonstrated that Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in bidirectional intercellular communication in the TME. Apart from promoting glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, EVs and their cargos (primarily proteins and miRNAs) can act as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, they can be used as therapeutic tools. In this review, the mechanisms of Glioblastoma-EVs biogenesis and intercellular communication with TME have been summarized. Moreover, there is discussion surrounding EVs as novel diagnostic structures and therapeutic tools for glioblastoma. Finally, unclear questions that require future investigation have been reviewed.

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“…Chlorpromazine binds surface receptors and inhibits formation of clathrin-coated pits. Blocking of phosphatidyl serine with annexin V also inhibits the EV uptake into microglia and other recipient cells ( Pancholi et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Future Perspectives Of Ev-based Gbm Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles on the functions of immune cells

Musatova

Rubtsov

2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Glioblastoma is the most aggressive variant of glioma, the tumor of glial origin which accounts for 80% of brain tumors. Glioblastoma is characterized by astoundingly poor prognosis for patients; a combination of surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy used for clinical treatment of glioblastoma almost inevitably results in rapid relapse and development of more aggressive and therapy resistant tumor. Recently, it was demonstrated that extracellular vesicles produced by glioblastoma (GBM-EVs) during apoptotic cell death can bind to surrounding cells and change their phenotype to more aggressive. GBM-EVs participate also in establishment of immune suppressive microenvironment that protects glioblastoma from antigen-specific recognition and killing by T cells. In this review, we collected present data concerning characterization of GBM-EVs and study of their effects on different populations of the immune cells (T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells). We aimed at critical analysis of experimental evidence in order to conclude whether glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles are a major factor in immune evasion of this deadly tumor. We summarized data concerning potential use of GBM-EVs for non-invasive diagnostics of glioblastoma. Finally, the applicability of approaches aimed at blocking of GBM-EVs production or their fusion with target cells for treatment of glioblastoma was analyzed.

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Emerging Concepts on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Cargo Contents in Glioblastoma-Microglial Crosstalk

Cited by 14 publications

References 209 publications

The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets

The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets

Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment

Effects of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles on the functions of immune cells

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