“…The radical cell disruption method has also been reported to enhance the quality of biodiesel, as the characteristic of biodiesel produced with radical disruption method are more stable with reduction of undesired polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as linolenic acids (C18:3), from the lipid molecular structure [53]. Furthermore, the lipids produced may be used as industrial intermediate products for polymer crosslinking products, since the lipid compounds extracted have been radically treated and retain a partially functionalized form of the unsaturated chains from the hydrocarbon molecules [54]. The contact time of 3 min showed the best R and E and hence it was selected as the optimum value for this experimental parameter.Fig.…”
BackgroundThe extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.ResultSeveral parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.ConclusionThe profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.
“…The radical cell disruption method has also been reported to enhance the quality of biodiesel, as the characteristic of biodiesel produced with radical disruption method are more stable with reduction of undesired polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as linolenic acids (C18:3), from the lipid molecular structure [53]. Furthermore, the lipids produced may be used as industrial intermediate products for polymer crosslinking products, since the lipid compounds extracted have been radically treated and retain a partially functionalized form of the unsaturated chains from the hydrocarbon molecules [54]. The contact time of 3 min showed the best R and E and hence it was selected as the optimum value for this experimental parameter.Fig.…”
BackgroundThe extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.ResultSeveral parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.ConclusionThe profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.
“…Gloves properties are dependent on the applied material for their production, additives and manufacturing process. Following materials are used for the gloves production: natural rubber latex (NRL), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), PVC, PE, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), neoprene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and few others ( Preece et al, 2020 , Yew et al, 2019 ). Based on the performed survey, during the pandemic three types of DPGs are mainly used: latex, nitrile and folic, which make up almost 94.6% of all gloves used, and less often used are vinyl gloves ( Fig.…”
Section: Materials For Dpgs Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nitrile gloves are a good alternative to other types of gloves. They characterize resistance to chemicals, low allergic risk and good dexterity ( Yew et al, 2019 ). The cost of nitrile rubber is the lowest for the gloves production and this material characterizes suitable mechanical and chemical performance quality ( Yew et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Materials For Dpgs Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nitrile rubber is obtained as a result of a polymerization process of butadiene and acetonitrile ( Fig. 4 e) and hence is known as acetonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) ( Yew et al, 2019 ). The content of acetonitrile varies from 18 to 50% depending on targeted properties of the material.…”
Section: Materials For Dpgs Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the manufacturing process such additives as emulsifiers, activators and catalyst are commonly used (“ Why Nitrile Gloves Is a Better Alternative Compared To Latex ,”). The improvement of nitrile material’s properties can be gained through the addition of substances and chemical reaction (carboxylation or hydrogenation) ( Yew et al, 2019 ). Nishioka et al (2020) proved that additives in nitrile gloves can, rarely but also, cause allergic reaction.…”
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