Emerging landscape of circular RNAs as biomarkers and pivotal regulators in osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma represents the most prevailing primary bone tumor and the third most common cancer in children and adolescents worldwide. Among noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) refer to a unique class in the shape of a covalently closed continuous loop with neither 5′ caps nor 3′‐polyadenylated tails, which are generated through back‐splicing. Recently, with the development of whole‐genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, a growing number of circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in multiple diseases, including osteosarcoma. circRNA are capable of various biological functions including miRNA sponge, mediating alternatives, regulating genes at posttranscriptional levels, and interacting with proteins, indicating a pivotal role of circRNA in cancer initiation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune response. Moreover, circRNAs have been thrust into the spotlight as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. Herein, we briefly summarize the origin and biogenesis of circRNA with current knowledge of circRNA in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, aiming to elucidate the specific role and clinical implication of circRNAs in osteosarcoma.

Multifaceted Functions and Novel Insight Into the Regulatory Role of RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Musculoskeletal Disorders

“…Meanwhile, histone methyltransferase has been discovered to regulate the chemosensitivity in OS ( Jiang et al, 2018 ; He et al, 2019 ). Additionally, potential roles of multiple ncRNAs also have been validated in OS, such as the circRNA ( Tu et al, 2020 ) and lncRNA ( Ren et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ). Li X. et al (2017) reported that HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) could enhance the development of OS via DNA methylation of CDKN2A gene.…”

Identification of Immune-Related Genes MSR1 and TLR7 in Relation to Macrophage and Type-2 T-Helper Cells in Osteosarcoma Tumor Micro-Environments as Anti-metastasis Signatures

“…High-throughput omics analysis has increasingly applied to osteosarcoma with the rapid innovating of sequencing technology and bioinformatics (Zhao et al, 2020). Researchers aim to use these techniques to discover the causes of tumorigenesis (Mirabello et al, 2020), metastasis (Xie et al, 2018), drug resistance (Zhu et al, 2019), and other disease processes, and to identify prognostic biomarkers (Zhang et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2020;Tu et al, 2020). Since James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a cancer cure via the suppression of negative immune regulation (The Nobel Prize, 2020), research and applications of TIIC in tumors have reached a new climax.…”

Circular RNAs in osteoarthritis: indispensable regulators and novel strategies in clinical implications

“…For a long time, circRNAs were regarded as transcriptional noises produced during abnormal splicing. Currently, with the application of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in biological study, thousands of circRNAs have been newly identified and even functionally annotated in multiple physiological and pathological processes of eukaryotes, such as the progression of carcinoma [19,20], inflammation [21], aging [22], infection [23], etc.…”