Emerging MDR-Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in house-reared domestic birds as the first report in Egypt

Algammal, Abdelazeem M.; Hashem, Hany R.; Alotaibi, Amenah S.; Alfifi, Khyreyah J; El-Dawody, Esraa M; Mahrous, Eman; Hetta, Helal F; El-Kholy, Ali W; Ramadan, Hazem; ELTarabili, Reham

doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02287-y

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Various modern surveys demonstrated the emergence of XDR and MDR bacterial pathogens from distinct sources such as poultry, fish, animals, food products, and humans. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Despite that infections induced by G. anatis could be treated with antibiotics, certain unresponsive cases were reported. 17,18 Multidrug resistance patterns of G. anatis to various antimicrobial classes (such as β-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines) are frequently reported by several previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Algammal¹,

Hashem²,

Alfifi³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Gallibacterium anatis is incriminated frequently in severe economic losses and mortalities in the poultry industry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of G. anatis in layer chickens, sequence analysis, the antibiogram profiles, and PCR screening of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance genes. Methods Accordingly, 300 samples (tracheal swabs, ovary and oviduct, and lung) were randomly collected from 100 diseased layer chickens from private commercial layer farms at Elsharkia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination was carried out. The retrieved isolates were tested for 16S rRNA-23S rRNA gene sequencing, antibiogram profiling, PCR screening of virulence ( gtx A, fif A, and gyr B), and antibiotic resistance genes ( bla ROB , aph A1, tet B, and tet H). Results The prevalence of G. anatis was 25% in the examined diseased layer chickens. The sequence analyses emphasized that the tested strains derived from a common ancestor and exhibited a notable genetic similarity with other G. anatis strains from USA, China, and Denmark. The isolated G. anatis strains were highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, and erythromycin. The PCR revealed that the retrieved G. anatis strains carried gtx A, gyr B, and fif A virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, and 38.3%, respectively. Approximately 30.1% of the retrieved G. anatis isolates were XDR to six antimicrobial classes and harbored bla ROB , aph A1, and tet B resistance genes. Moreover, 20.5% of the isolated G. anatis strains were MDR to three different classes and carried bla ROB and tet H resistance genes. Conclusion Briefly, this study emphasized the existence of XDR and MDR G. anatis strains in poultry. Florfenicol and norfloxacin displayed a promising antimicrobial effect against the emerging XDR and MDR G. anatis in poultry. The emergence of XDR and MDR G. anatis is considered a public health alarm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Algammal¹,

Hashem²,

Alfifi³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…In addition, Proteus spp. lacked rsb A gene which encodes the characteristic swarming activity of Proteus and expresses a membrane sensor for promoting the extracellular polysaccharides ( Walker et al, 1999 ; Algammal et al, 2021a ). The current report showed that 15 isolates (60%) had the zap A gene, which codes for protease enzyme production, and Zap A-protease could degrade IgG, IgA1, and IgA2, controlled by the zap A gene ( Pathirana et al, 2018 ; Algammal et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bla OXA-1 and bla CTX-M genes work together protecting P. mirabilis from lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations ( Schultz et al, 2017 ). Concurrently, Proteus is also resistant to sulfonamides and tetracyclines due to sul1 and tet A genes ( Cadena et al, 2018 ; Algammal et al, 2021a ). Class 1 integrons were connected with ESBL-producing isolates more frequently than non-ESBL-producing isolates ( Chen et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, antibiotic profile, virulence determinants, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes of MDR Proteus spp. isolated from infected dogs

ELTarabili

Ahmed²,

Alharbi³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of Proteus species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of Proteus spp. The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of Proteus spp. was 35.7% (25/70), including Proteus mirabilis (n = 23) and Proteus vulgaris (n = 2). The Proteus spp. prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages < 12 weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed ureC, zapA, and rsbA virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA-1, respectively, and non β-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to sul1, tetA, intI1, qnrA, and aadA1. Moreover, 28% (7/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR Proteus spp. in dogs in Egypt.

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“…The in-vitro antibacterial activity of azithromycin and clofazimine against M. avium subsp. aviumis promising [35].…”

Section: Mycobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

Nair

Anil

Sivaprasad

et al. 2022

JSRR

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The very high exotic or genetic value made pet birds, likecanaries, parakeets, and parrots a choice for trade across countries and continents, and the capability of these birds to act aspotential carriers or transmitters of zoonotic diseases contributes a significant threat to humans. Birds are characterized and known for their susceptibility, transmission, and maintenance of pathogens that are zoonotic to humans. Some of the zoonotic diseases they spread, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), salmonellosis, and chlamydophilosishave a significant impact on human health and these things make this issue a one health concern. Zoonotic diseases among birds areclassified as bacterial, viral, fungal, and of parasitic origin. The intensity with which they affect humans varies according to their pathogenicity and virulence. The awareness of pet bird zoonosesis of prime importance while trading or domesticating the bird, which will help to understand their potential fordiseases and install preventive measures accordingly. This review paper aims to educate readers about the risks faced by bird owners and the public by describing several instances of bird-human disease transmission and the characteristicsymptoms of those diseases.

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Emerging MDR-Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in house-reared domestic birds as the first report in Egypt

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Prevalence, antibiotic profile, virulence determinants, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes of MDR Proteus spp. isolated from infected dogs

Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

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