Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathobiology of Glioblastoma

Abstract

Glioblastoma is the utmost aggressive diffuse kind of glioma which is originated from astrocytes, neural stem cells or progenitors. This malignant tumor has a poor survival rate. A number of genetic aberrations and somatic mutations have been associated with this kind of cancer. In recent times, the impact of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioblastoma has been underscored by several investigations. Up-regulation of a number of oncogenic lncRNAs such as H19, MALAT1, SNHGs, MIAT, UCA, HIF1A-AS2 and XIST in addition to down-regulation of other tumor suppressor lncRNAs namely GAS5, RNCR3 and NBAT1 indicate the role of these lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Several in vitro and a number of in vivo studies have demonstrated the contribution of these transcripts in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell survival, invasion and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. Moreover, some lncRNAs such as SBF2-AS1 are involved in conferring resistance to temozolomide. Finally, few circularRNAs have been identified that influence the evolution of glioblastoma. In this paper, we discuss the impacts of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, their applications as markers and their implications in the therapeutic responses in this kind of cancer.

Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Conferring Resistance in Tumors of the Nervous System

“…LncRNAs have acknowledged roles in the pathogenesis of tumors of the nervous system through various mechanisms including suppression of apoptotic pathways, induction of cell cycle progression, and enhancement of cell proliferation ( 10 ). A more clinically important aspect of lncRNA participation in the pathogenesis of nervous system tumors is their influence on the response of these neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents.…”

“…Through having “decoy” binding sites, they can sequester transcription factors, catalytic molecules, constituents of chromatin remodeling complexes, and microRNAs (miRNAs), thus decreasing their bioavailability ( 9 ). Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been noted in tumors of the nervous system ( 10 ). Figure 1 indicates the role of several lncRNAs in modulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to various chemotherapeutic agents via regulating the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway which is a highly conserved cascade and is activated in the development of glioma cells.…”

Roles of ncRNAs as ceRNAs in Gastric Cancer

“…With the deepening of research, it was found that lncRNA H19 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. It acts as an oncogene in some tumors to mediate the tumor process, while in others it plays a role as a tumor suppressor gene [ 99 , 100 , 101 ].…”

Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Biological Characteristics and Aerobic Glycolysis of Glioma

“…With the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, the number of dysregulated lncRNAs identified in glioma continues to rise [ 77 , 78 ]. Differential expression of lncRNAs is correlated to tumor grade, prognosis, and drug resistance of glioma cells [ 79 , 80 ]. An increasing number of lncRNAs have been characterized with the potentials of clinical applications in glioma.…”