Emerging roles for AQP in mammalian extracellular vesicles

Clarke-Bland, Charlotte; Bill, Roslyn M.; Devitt, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183826

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…In addition, depleting the membrane water channel protein aquaporin-1 on the EV surface increased the stiffness of the EV and reduced the diffusion coefficient by approximately threefold. This indicates that water permeation enables EVs to become more deformable and thus, more easily able to diffuse through the matrix [35].…”

Section: Ev Transport Through the Ecmmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix

2023

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by all cell types. EVs transfer their cargo which includes nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to facilitate cell-to-cell communication. As EVs are released and move from parent to recipient cell, EVs interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) which acts as a physical scaffold for the organization and function of cells. Recent work has shown that EVs can modulate and act as regulators of the ECM. This review will first discuss EV biogenesis and the mechanism by which EVs are transported through the ECM. Additionally, we discuss how EVs contribute as structural components of the matrix and as components that aid in the degradation of the ECM. Lastly, the role of EVs in influencing recipient cells to remodel the ECM in both pathological and therapeutic contexts is examined.

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Section: Ev Transport Through the Ecmmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix

2023

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“…Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in CSF and blood in both healthy and pathophysiological conditions [ 47 ]. It has been proposed that the presence of AQPs in CSF may be due to their secretion by EVs [ 26 , 27 , 46 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in Brain Barriers and Cerebrospinal Fluid May Affect Cerebral Water Balance during Chronic Hypertension

González-Marrero

Hernández-Abad

González‐Gómez

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular affection and premature death worldwide. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most common animal model of hypertension, which is characterized by secondary ventricular dilation and hydrocephalus. Aquaporin (AQP) 1 and 4 are the main water channels responsible for the brain’s water balance. The present study focuses on defining the expression of AQPs through the time course of the development of spontaneous chronic hypertension. We performed immunofluorescence and ELISA to examine brain AQPs from 10 SHR, and 10 Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats studied at 6 and 12 months old. There was a significant decrease in AQP1 in the choroid plexus of the SHR-12-months group compared with the age-matched control (p < 0.05). In the ependyma, AQP4 was significantly decreased only in the SHR-12-months group compared with the control or SHR-6-months groups (p < 0.05). Per contra, AQP4 increased in astrocytes end-feet of 6 months and 12 months SHR rats (p < 0.05). CSF AQP detection was higher in the SHR-12-months group than in the age-matched control group. CSF findings were confirmed by Western blot. In SHR, ependymal and choroidal AQPs decreased over time, while CSF AQPs levels increased. In turn, astrocytes AQP4 increased in SHR rats. These AQP alterations may underlie hypertensive-dependent ventriculomegaly.

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“…Moreover, in the last five years, in five different studies, AQP4 has been found in association with EVs in CNS tissues in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED), traumatic brain injury (reviewed here [ 30 ]), suggesting the growing interest in these fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AQP4-dependent glioma cell features affect the phenotype of surrounding cells via extracellular vesicles

et al. 2022

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Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles released systemically by all cells, including tumours. Tumour EVs have been shown to manipulate their local environments as well as distal targets to sustain the tumour in a variety of tumours, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously demonstrated the dual role of the glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein in glioma progression or suppression depending on its aggregation state. However, its possible role in communication mechanisms in the microenvironment of malignant gliomas remains to be unveiled. Results Here we show that in GBM cells AQP4 is released via EVs that are able to affect the GBM microenvironment. To explore this role, EVs derived from invasive GBM cells expressing AQP4-tetramers or apoptotic GBM cells expressing orthogonal arrays of particles (AQP4-OAPs) were isolated, using a differential ultracentrifugation method, and were added to pre-seeded GBM cells. Confocal microscopy analysis was used to visualize the interaction and uptake of AQP4-containing EVs by recipient cells. Chemoinvasion and Caspase3/7 activation assay, performed on recipient cells after EVs uptake, revealed that EVs produced by AQP4-tetramers expressing cells were able to drive surrounding tumour cells toward the migratory phenotype, whereas EVs produced by AQP4-OAPs expressing cells drive them toward the apoptosis pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the different GBM cell phenotypes can be transferred by AQP4-containing EVs able to influence tumour cell fate toward invasiveness or apoptosis. This study opens a new perspective on the role of AQP4 in the brain tumour microenvironment associated with the EV-dependent communication mechanism. Graphical Abstract

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Emerging roles for AQP in mammalian extracellular vesicles

Cited by 18 publications

References 161 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix

Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix

Altered Expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in Brain Barriers and Cerebrospinal Fluid May Affect Cerebral Water Balance during Chronic Hypertension

AQP4-dependent glioma cell features affect the phenotype of surrounding cells via extracellular vesicles

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