Emerging Technologies in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Three-dimensional planning, navigation, patient-specific instrumentation and mixed reality in shoulder arthroplasty: a digital orthopedic renaissance

“…In the context of MR technology, limitations include the accessibility and costs of MR headsets, potential risks such as coracoid fractures in combined MR-navigation strategies, and the primary design of MR wearables initially intended for entertainment ( 12 , 65 ). Advantages and disadvantages of technologies are summarized in Table 1 .…”

“…The challenge lies in the restricted intraoperative visibility of the scapula, compounded by the complexities of dealing with glenoid bone loss ( 11 ). To achieve precision, meticulous 3D planning with specialized software is necessary ( 12 ). In this context, shoulder and elbow surgeons have explored various methods to enhance surgical understanding, preoperative planning, and precise execution.…”

“…Nonetheless, there are various limitations, including extended surgical duration, high costs, issues with intraoperative navigation, and a lack of convenient portability ( 12 , 35 , 37 ). The steps for the preparation of the navigation increase the operation time significantly.…”

“…This technology provides a projected view for broader observation and offers constant feedback on surgical decisions, potentially enhancing surgical security by enabling direct visualization of the patient's anatomy. In a study published by Berhouet, they approximated a patient's original glenoid anatomy and projected it onto the surgical field using Epson Moverio BT-200 smart glasses ( 12 , 66 ). This technique aimed to aid the surgeon in placing glenoid components accurately by providing a better understanding of the patient's premorbid anatomy, which could be useful in a revision setting ( 66 ).…”

Mixed Reality as a Digital Visualisation Solution for the Head and Neck Tumour Board: Application Creation and Implementation Study

“…The unique selling point of MR technology is its immersive character, i.e., immersion in an expandable world, direct interaction with a three-dimensional (3D) object and immediate visual feedback [7,[11][12][13]. This extended perspective enables, for example, topographical observations [14][15][16][17]. However, the question arises as to the added value of these new possibilities, as many of the advantages mentioned above can also be achieved with 2D simulations.…”