EMF changes of Pt/Pd thermocouples at the Cu freezing point

Ogura, H.; Numajiri, Haruhiko; Izuchi, M.; Arai, M.

doi:10.1109/sice.2002.1195452

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thermocouple measurements have been made of several eutectic transitions: Fe-C [54,75,76], Co-C [22,26,54,76,77], Ni-C [22,29,75,77], Pd-C [22,75], Pt-C [22,78] and Ru-C [22]. The results have shown highly repeatable plateaus as measured with different thermocouples, showing that both the cell and the thermocouple repeatability are good.…”

Section: Thermocouple Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal (carbide)–carbon eutectics for thermometry and radiometry: a review of the first seven years

et al. 2006

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Since 1999, when the first high temperature fixed-points based on the metal–carbon eutectic phase transitions were realized, more than 60 papers have been published on this topic. Eutectic based fixed-points are already being considered as secondary reference points for the International Temperature Scale and have been introduced into industrial laboratories. This rapid progress has been possible through the combined effort of scientists around the world, from national metrology institutes, universities and industry. It has been proposed that these fixed-points should be officially adopted as a way to improve the realization and dissemination of temperature scales above the silver point. In radiometry, the availability of stable high temperature fixed-points will give greater flexibility and at some wavelengths the potential for greater accuracy for spectral radiance and irradiance scale realization. This paper summarizes the major progress in eutectic research so far.

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Section: Thermocouple Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal (carbide)–carbon eutectics for thermometry and radiometry: a review of the first seven years

et al. 2006

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“…The development of eutectics metal-carbon fixed points represents another interesting possibility of overcoming the need of a comparison with the radiation thermometer [4,5]. Co-C (1324 • C), Ni-C (1326 • C) and Pd-C (1504 • C) are some points that could be used to extend the fixed-point calibration above the copper point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facility for the calibration of Pt/Pd thermocouples in the temperature range from 960 °C to 1500 °C

Astrua¹,

Battuello²,

Girard³

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Five Pt/Pd thermocouples, constructed and calibrated at IMGC at fixed points in the temperature range from 0 °C to the Ag point, were calibrated by comparison with the local primary standard radiation thermometer with the aim of replacing the presently used Pt/Pt–Rh alloy thermocouples as secondary reference standards up to 1500 °C. To fully exploit accuracy of Pt/Pd thermocouples, high-level calibration techniques need to be adopted. For this purpose, a new high-temperature three-zone furnace was arranged and characterized in order to obtain the best axial uniformity and a specially designed blackbody cavity was used as a transfer source for calibrating the thermocouples in the temperature range from 962 °C up to 1500 °C. At the end of the comparison measurements, additional calibrations at the Ag fixed point were made, in order to check the stability of the thermocouples' signals. A comparison between experimental results and the reference function is presented and an extrapolation of the fixed-point calibration data is analysed.

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“…The literature on inhomogeneity of Pt/Pd thermocouples is the most extensive, and has a range of measuring temperatures from 140 °C to 1492 °C. The plot in figure 1 was drawn using the literature results [20,21,27,28,30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Only the NATA recommendations are shown [1] as the Euramet recommendations [2] are based on tolerance limits for letter-designated thermocouples, and there is not one for the Pt/Pd thermocouple.…”

Section: Pt/pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive survey of thermoelectric homogeneity of commonly used thermocouple types

Machin¹,

Tucker²,

Pearce³

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Thermocouples are widely used as temperature sensors in industry. The electromotive force generated by a thermocouple is produced in a temperature gradient and not at the thermocouple tip. This means that the thermoelectric inhomogeneity represents one of the most important contributions to the overall measurement uncertainty associated with thermocouples. To characterise this effect, and to provide some general recommendations concerning the magnitude of this contribution to use when formulating uncertainty analyses, a comprehensive literature survey has been performed. Significant information was found for Types K, N, R, S, B, Pt/Pd, Au/Pt and various other Pt/Rh thermocouples. In the case of Type K and N thermocouples, the survey has been augmented by a substantial amount of data based on calibrations of mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed thermocouple cable reels from thermocouple manufacturers. Some general conclusions are drawn and outline recommendations given concerning typical values for the uncertainty arising from thermoelectric inhomogeneity for the most widely used thermocouple types in the as-new state. It is stressed that these recommendations should only be heeded when individual homogeneity measurements are not possible. It is also stressed that the homogeneity can deteriorate rapidly during use, particularly for base metal thermocouples.

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EMF changes of Pt/Pd thermocouples at the Cu freezing point

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Metal (carbide)–carbon eutectics for thermometry and radiometry: a review of the first seven years

Metal (carbide)–carbon eutectics for thermometry and radiometry: a review of the first seven years

Facility for the calibration of Pt/Pd thermocouples in the temperature range from 960 °C to 1500 °C

A comprehensive survey of thermoelectric homogeneity of commonly used thermocouple types

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