“…Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN, also known as CD147, EMMPRIN/CD147) is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein and is abundantly expressed on the membrane surface of various tumor cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (7), macrophage-like lymphoid neoplasm P388D1 cells (8), thyroid carcinoma (9), primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (10), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (11), colorectal/gastric cancer (12), renal cell carcinoma (13), prostate cancer (14), cervical cancer (15), epithelial ovarian cancer (16) and breast carcinoma (17). EMMPRIN/CD147 promotes survival, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through multiple pathways and mechanisms, including the functional loss of p53, a tumor suppressor (18), upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (13,(19)(20)(21), disruption of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a growth-modulating factor (22), and regulation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activation (uPA) system of serine proteases (23).…”