According to the Communicative Theory of Emotions, we experience emotions when events occur that are important for our goals and plans. A method of choice for studying these matters is the emotion diary. Emotions configure our cognitive systems and our relationships. Many of our emotions concern our relationships, and empathy is central to our experience of them. We do not always recognize our emotions or the emotions of others, but literary fiction can help improve our skills of recognition and understanding.We experience emotions in our selves, in our relationships with others, and when we read fiction or attend the theater. How should we understand these experiences? To answer this question, and some of those proposed by the editors of this special issue, I draw on the Communicative Theory of Emotions of Johnson-Laird (1987, 1996), which holds that emotions are communications to ourselves and others.I first describe the Communicative Theory, then discuss how emotions are important in empathetic coordination with other people. I go on to propose that emotion recognition, in ourselves and others, is a skill, and that by reading literary fiction, we can practice and improve it.The Communicative Theory is close in spirit to the theories of