“…Hall and West (2011), Henry et al (2013), Preston (2014), Amato, Battles, and Beziat (2018), Jacob, Rockof, Taylor, Lindy, and Rosen (2016), and Harris and Sass (2011). With the sole exceptions of Bieri Buschor and Schuler Braunschweig (2018) and Grönqvist and Vlachos (2016), who relied on intelligence tests, research conducted outside the U.S. utilized composite standardized test scores described as "SAT-score equivalents" (i.e., the stateadministered "leaving certiicate" in Ireland; Corcoran & Tormey, 2013;Corcoran & O'Flaherty, 2018, or "psychometric exam grades" in Israel;Walter & Marcel, 2013). Blue, O'Grady, Toro, and Newell (2002), Rockof et al 2011, and Boyd, Lankford, Loeb, Rockof, and Wyckof (2008) analyzed SAT verbal and mathematics scores separately.…”