Emotional Response–Based Approach for Assessing the Sense of Presence of Subjects in Virtual Building Evacuation Studies

Zou, Hao; Li, Nan; Cao, Lijun

doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000679

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For further verification, we performed a paired t-test on the results, as seen in Table 4. We use the p-value of 0.05 to distinguish the level of significance [27,31,34]. The results of the t-test showed that alarm sounds had a significant influence on the three physiological indicators SC, SCT and SCL (p < 0.05) of children, which was basically consistent with the results of studies on EDA indicators and risk perception in adults [27,37,44].…”

Section: The Significance Of the Influence Of Alarm Sound On Differensupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Of the 42 subjects, one had to go to a Taekwondo class and failed to complete all the experiments due to time conflicts, so the data of a total of 41 subjects were collected. A database containing the final results was created using IBM SPSS 25.0 [27,31,50,51] to evaluate the effect of different types of alarm sounds on the risk perception of the children in the evacuation experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alvarsson suggested a half-life of SCL of 120 s [49]. Therefore, in order to avoid the interference of physiological indicators between two adjacent experiments, 10 min were given for rest between experiments [27,31]. Experiments of different groups of children took place in their respective classrooms, which were not on the same floor, so they would not communicate or interfere with each other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach allows for reasonable behavioural analyses based on actual data but is limited by the scarcity and imperfections of such data, due to the lack of current records and poor usability [25]. In addition, some researchers have used virtual reality (VR) environments to study evacuation behaviour [26,27], but this approach requires extensive guidance before the experiment to familiarise the participants with the process, which is too complicated for children aged 3-6, and therefore inapplicable. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for an objective and non-invasive approach that can continuously evaluate the risk perception of children to explore the mechanism behind their behaviour.…”

Section: Risk Perception Of Evacueesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further verification, we performed a paired t-test on the results, as seen in Table 4. We use the p-value of 0.05 to distinguish the level of significance [27,31,34]. The results of the t-test showed that alarm sounds Table 3 shows the EDA scores at baseline and after exposure to the three types of alarm sounds.…”

Section: The Significance Of the Influence Of Alarm Sound On Differenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Zhou

Jia

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Due to differences in cognitive ability and physiological development, the evacuation characteristics of children are different from those of adults. This study proposes a novel method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; heart rate variability, HRV) on children's physiological responses, and to continuously and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of children. In order to determine the optimum alarm for children, an on-site experiment was conducted in a kindergarten to collect physiological data for responses to different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of 42 children of different ages. The results showed that: (1) The alarm sounds led to changes in physiological indicators of children aged 3-6 years, and the effects of different types of alarm sounds on EDA and HRV activities were significantly different (p < 0.05). Skin conductance (SC), skin conductance tonic (SCT) and skin conductance level (SCL) can be used as the main indicators for analysing EDA of children in this experiment (p < 0.05), and the indicators of ultralow frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) for HRV were not affected by the type of alarm sounds (p > 0.05). (2) Unlike adults, kindergarten children were more susceptible to the warning siren. The combined voice and warning alarm had optimal effects in stimulating children to perceive risk. (3) For children aged 3-6 years, gender had a significant impact on children's reception to evacuation sound signals (p < 0.05): Girls are more sensitive than boys in receiving evacuation sound signals, similar to findings of studies of risk perception of adult males and females. In addition, the higher the age, the greater the sensitivity to evacuation sound signals, which accords with results of previous studies on the evacuation dynamics of children.

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Section: The Significance Of the Influence Of Alarm Sound On Differensupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Perception Of Evacueesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further verification, we performed a paired t-test on the results, as seen in Table 4. We use the p-value of 0.05 to distinguish the level of significance [27,31,34]. The results of the t-test showed that alarm sounds Table 3 shows the EDA scores at baseline and after exposure to the three types of alarm sounds.…”

Section: The Significance Of the Influence Of Alarm Sound On Differenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Zhou

Jia

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Immersive virtual reality in AECO/FM to enhance education: Systematic literature review and future directions

Tastan

Tong

2023

Comp Applic In Engineering

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Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is considered as an effective and efficient instructional tool for architecture, engineering, construction, operation, and facility management (AECO/FM) education. However, it is essential to systematically evaluate them to obtain consolidated evidence on the impact of IVR applications. Thus, the aim of this article is to present the state‐of‐the‐art on all AECO/FM use cases, including learning theories/models, all key factors, and experimental design, and to suggest future directions for IVR research. This review follows a systematic literature review methodology to analyze 79 papers between 2013 and 2022. The results show that learning theories/models are not sufficiently applied. There is consensus that IVR influences affective factors positively. It is necessary to consider task type, task complexity, virtual environment design, and ergonomics of IVR tools in terms of cognitive factors. Cognitive/affective factors associated with learning performance should be examined in depth to develop more effective learning methods. Future studies should design and conduct experimental procedures with more scientific rigor.

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Exploring the influencing factors of wall‐following behavior in a virtual reality fire evacuation game

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Computer Animation & Virtual

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In most of fire evacuation, people follow the walls. The reasons behind this escape behavior have not been verified by experiments. In this article, we design a virtual reality (VR) fire evacuation game with realistic virtual environment to explore the effects of smoke concentration, individual familiarity with the environment, and neighbor behavior on individual wall-following behavior.Individuals' familiarity with the environment is obtained through experimental training and the frequencies of their behavior along the wall at different smoke concentrations are recorded. From a subjective perspective, we use the presence scale to assess the immersion of the designed VR game. The results show that users have a good level of presence in the designed VR game. From an objective perspective, we analyze the game data using a statistically based approach. The analysis shows that high concentration of smoke, unfamiliar with the environment will increase individuals' reliance on walls, but neighbor behavior along the wall has no significant effect on individual wall-following behavior.

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Emotional Response–Based Approach for Assessing the Sense of Presence of Subjects in Virtual Building Evacuation Studies

Cited by 77 publications

References 53 publications

The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Immersive virtual reality in AECO/FM to enhance education: Systematic literature review and future directions

Exploring the influencing factors of wall‐following behavior in a virtual reality fire evacuation game

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