Emotional Schemas Contribute to Suicide Behavior and Self-Harm: Toward Finding Suicidal Emotional Schemas (SESs)

Khaleghi, Mohammad Reza; Leahy, Robert L.; Akbari, Ebrahim; Nasab, Nematollah Sanaee; Bastami, Malek

doi:10.1007/s41811-021-00115-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and rumination were associated with higher levels of suicide ideation and with previous suicide attempts. This result is consistent with previous literature on rumination and extends the few studies that had examined the link between uncontrollability beliefs and suicide (Khaleghi et al, 2021;Zhu & Wong, 2022). Regarding SCS, we provide the first evidence for significant and positive associations between ER factors, uncontrollability beliefs and rumination, with SCS symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There is also preliminary evidence for the associations between beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and suicide. Khaleghi et al (2021) found, in a cross-sectional study, that individuals with higher emotion uncontrollability beliefs also reported greater suicide behavior. Zhu and Wong (2022) provided similar results in a prospective study using a large sample of adolescents.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation and Suicide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, both uncontrollability beliefs and rumination could increase and maintain the emotional distress and affective disturbances present in the SCS (Rickerby et al, 2022;Somerville et al, 2023). On the other hand, there is previous evidence of the associations between emotion uncontrollability beliefs (Khaleghi et al, 2021;Zhu & Wong, 2022) and rumination to suicide, and SCS is a predictor of short-term suicide behavior (Barzilay et al, 2020;Galynker et al, 2017;Rogers et al, 2022;Yaseen et al, 2019). From this perspective, it is possible to hypothesize a multi-step model of associations between ER, SCS and suicide behavior (see Figure 1).…”

Section: The Present Research: Emotion Regulation Suicide Crisis Synd...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Modeling the associations between emotion regulation, suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behavior: Results in community and clinical samples

Colmenero‐Navarrete,

García‐Sancho,

Salguero

2024

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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BackgroundEmotion Regulation (ER) and Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) are psychological processes involved in suicide. Within ER, both the use of rumination and dysfunctional emotion beliefs are associated with suicide. SCS, a pre‐suicidal mental state involving cognitive and affective dysregulation, is related to short‐term suicide risk.AimsHere, we first examined associations between ER (beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and rumination), SCS and suicide behavior, and second, we test a multistep model in which ER factors are linked to suicide behavior through SCS.Materials & MethodsWe conducted two cross‐sectional studies to address this issue by self‐reports. Study 1 used a community sample (N = 421). Study 2 used a clinical sample (N = 70).ResultsResults from both studies showed that beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and rumination were associated with higher levels of SCS symptoms and suicide behavior, and that SCS was associated with suicide behavior. In addition, path analyses showed that uncontrollability beliefs were linked to rumination, which in turn was associated with SCS, and this variable mediated the association between ER factors and suicide ideation (in both community and clinical samples) and suicide attempts (in the community sample).DiscussionAs we expected, in both samples, uncontrollability of emotions and rumination were positively related with SCS and suicide behavior.ConclusionWe emphasize the importance of addressing uncontrollability beliefs and rumination in suicide prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Emotion Regulation and Suicide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Present Research: Emotion Regulation Suicide Crisis Synd...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Modeling the associations between emotion regulation, suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behavior: Results in community and clinical samples

Colmenero‐Navarrete,

García‐Sancho,

Salguero

2024

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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“…Although other, alternate explanations have been proposed to explain why people engage in NSSI, (see Hooley & Franklin, 2018 , for a comprehensive theory), NSSI has primarily been understood as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. That is, people who engage in NSSI report doing so to manage and reduce strong, negative emotions (Klonsky, 2007 ). However, understanding why people engage in NSSI instead of other coping strategies is necessary to create effective prevention and treatment programs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsuicidal self‐injury and rumination: A meta‐analysis

2022

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Trait rumination is the tendency to overthink and focus on negative emotions and events and is related to a number of psychological disorders and maladaptive behaviors including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship between trait rumination and NSSI behaviors. Results from 60 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement, NSSI frequency, and the number of methods used to self-injure in cross-sectional samples.Results from 13 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement and NSSI frequency in longitudinal samples. Moderator analyses indicated that this relationship is similar whether the type of rumination is depressive or not and is generally consistent across different ages, genders, and ethnicities. These results help clarify the role of trait rumination as a risk factor for NSSI.

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“…이 경우, 개인은 타인이 자신의 정서를 이해해주 거나 수용해주지 못할 것이라고 생각하는 경향이 있으며[44], 자신의 정서에 대해 죄책감이나 수치심을 느끼기도 한다[45]. 이와 같이 높은 감정표현불능증은 높은 자살사 고 및 행동과 자해 행동을 예측할 뿐 아니라[46], 패배감 과 같은 부정 정서가 자살사고에 미치는 부정적 영향을 악 화시킬 수 있으므로[47] 주의가 필요하다. 이 때, 자신의 신체 감각을 알아차리고, 사고와 감정을 비판단적으로 관 찰하게 하는 마음챙김 기반 개입(Mindfulness-Based Intervention, MBI)은 감정표현불능증과 자살위험을 완 화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.…”

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Qualitative Study on Experiences of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among College Students

Jeong¹,

Shim

2022

STRESS

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Background: Suicide is a major cause of death among young adults, and elucidating their experiences of suicidal behavior is important in suicide prevention. This study aimed to explore the factors related to suicidal ideation and behavior in college students. Students’ responses and coping strategies for distress caused by these factors were also explored.Methods: The study conducted semi-structured interview with 24 college students (mean age=21.3, 75% female) who were at elevated risk of suicide. The transcripts were analyzed based on the consensual qualitative research method.Results: The participants reported experiencing repeated frustrations in pursuing academic and career paths, as well as social isolation, conflict, or social comparison. In response to these stressors, they experienced negative emotions, such as depression and feeling of being a burden. Negative thoughts about the self and future also emerged. A lack of understanding of why they experienced distress and how to manage the distress led the participants to engage in maladaptive responses, such as avoidance. These factors contributed to increasing their risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Meanwhile, the factors that deterred them from making a lethal suicide attempt were their lack of capability, their concern about their family and friends, and social support from the latter.Conclusions: Repeated frustration and interpersonal distress were major factors related to increased suicidal ideation and behavior in college students. Suicide prevention in young adults may benefit from addressing negative impact of these factors.

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Emotional Schemas Contribute to Suicide Behavior and Self-Harm: Toward Finding Suicidal Emotional Schemas (SESs)

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Modeling the associations between emotion regulation, suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behavior: Results in community and clinical samples

Modeling the associations between emotion regulation, suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behavior: Results in community and clinical samples

Nonsuicidal self‐injury and rumination: A meta‐analysis

Qualitative Study on Experiences of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among College Students

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