Empathizing-systemizing: From style to intention

Naor-Ziv, Revital; Lavi, Anat Bernaz; Glicksohn, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110922

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In suggesting that empathy and the Dark Triad lie within the same plane, at an angle of 180 degrees to each other, we invoke three lines of thought supplying supportive and converging evidence for this proposition. First, while empathizing which is “the ability to recognize another person’s mental state (‘cognitive empathy’) and the drive to respond to it with an appropriate emotion (‘affective empathy’)” (Greenberg et al, 2018, p. 12152) has been contrasted with systemizing (e.g., Baron-Cohen, 2007), their hypothesized negative correlation (e.g., Nettle, 2007, p. 240) has not materialized (Naor-Ziv et al, 2021). An alternative candidate has, however, been proposed; as Andrew et al (2008, p. 1204) argue, “a better candidate to an opposing cognitive style to empathizing would be a Machiavellian style, in which pursuit of one’s own interests and emotional control are important.” In line with this, the Dark Triad of Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism might all very well be negatively correlated with empathizing, hence with either or with both cognitive empathy and affective empathy (Heym et al, 2021; Turner et al, 2019).…”

Section: Smallest Space Analysis (Ssa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, if the Dark Triad and empathy lie within the same plane, at an angle of 180 degrees to each other, this establishes a common representation for both personality traits and trait empathy. This can bridge between the Empathizing-Systemizing space explored in one research literature on individual differences (e.g., Naor-Ziv et al, 2021) with the personality spaces explored in current personality research (e.g., Naor-Ziv et al, 2022).…”

Section: Smallest Space Analysis (Ssa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Empathy and the Dark Triad

Weisman Openhaim,

Amram,

Glicksohn

2024

Journal of Individual Differences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Do the Dark Triad and empathy (both cognitive and affective) appear in the same plane, at an angle of 180 degrees to each other? In order to test this hypothesis, we recruited both adolescents presenting with high-functioning ASD and those who were “neurotypical”. Each adolescent provided their self-report on the Basic Empathy Scale and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD), which could be cross-referenced with a parent’s report regarding their child on the Adolescent Empathy Quotient and the DTDD. In all, 120 individuals participated in this study. A major contribution of the present study is in promoting the use of Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) to provide a 2D spatial representation of the correlation matrix of these measures. Our regional analysis of the 2D representation not only reveals that the Dark Triad and empathy are at an angle of 180 degrees to each other but also to suggest that even when there are discrepancies between self-report and parent-report regarding empathy, these are nevertheless aligned within the same 2D space.

show abstract

Section: Smallest Space Analysis (Ssa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smallest Space Analysis (Ssa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy and the Dark Triad

Weisman Openhaim,

Amram,

Glicksohn

2024

Journal of Individual Differences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Systemizing is common amongst all humans ( Wakabayashi et al, 2007 ; Kidron et al, 2018 ; Naor-Ziv et al, 2021 ; Van Der Zee and Derksen, 2021 ). Evidence suggests that autistic individuals have higher levels of systemizing than non-autistic individuals ( Baron-Cohen, 2006 ).…”

Section: Social Stories™mentioning

confidence: 99%

A rule-based theoretical account of social stories to address the double empathy problem

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social Stories™ (SS) is one of the most popular and researched interventions for autistic children. To date, research that focuses on outcomes has been prioritized over the investigation of the psychological mechanisms that inform the intervention. In this article we consider theoretical accounts proposed thus far which could underpin SS. We argue that mechanisms that are based on social deficit theories lack validity, and propose a rule-based theoretical account to inform a strengths-based approach toward conceptualizing the mechanisms that underpin SS. We apply this account to the ‘double-empathy problem’ to propose that SS can be adapted to involve all parties in the development and delivery of SS support by adopting a rule-based perspective. We use the example of systemizing (the drive to analyze and explore systems in terms of ‘if-and-then’ rules), which is proposed to be a relative autistic strength, as a form of rule-based thinking that can provide a theoretical account of SS and a framework to address the double-empathy problem.

show abstract

“…Thirdly, cognitive E-S propensity and behavioral E-S performance do not always converge. Though most studies on E-S types used self-report measures to gauge the degree of balance between the E and S drives ( Naor-Ziv et al, 2021 ), studies utilized performance tasks often reveal varied results. For example, Billington et al (2007) applied both questionnaires and performance tests to assess gender differences in empathizing and systemizing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Chinese undergraduate students’ empathizing-systemizing profiles: a person-centered approach

Qin,

Zhang

2024

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory provides a valuable framework for explaining gender differences in STEM majors, previous studies suffer from methodological issues (i.e., the arbitrary cut-off criteria and WEIRD sampling) as well as discrepancies in the behavioral correlates of E-S types. To address the gaps, this study utilized a 3-step latent profile analysis to identify naturally occurring E-S profiles in a Chinese sample and explored the predictors and distal outcomes of the identified profiles. The study recruited 785 (aged 18–25 years, 60% female) Chinese undergraduates. Results revealed five E-S profiles: Disengaged, Empathizers, Navigating systemizers, Technological systemizers, and Self-declared allrounders. Controlling for socioeconomic status, being male predicted a higher likelihood of membership into the Technological systemizers. Besides, membership to the Navigating systemizers and Technological systemizers was associated with better intuitive physics performance. However, no significant variation was observed for social sensitivity performance across E-S profiles. Overall, our results partially conformed to previous findings, highlighting the importance of cultural adaptation and methodological considerations when classifying students’ cognitive types.

show abstract

Empathizing-systemizing: From style to intention

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Empathy and the Dark Triad

Empathy and the Dark Triad

A rule-based theoretical account of social stories to address the double empathy problem

Characterizing Chinese undergraduate students’ empathizing-systemizing profiles: a person-centered approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About