Empathy, defending, and functional connectivity while witnessing social exclusion

McIver, Theresa A.; Craig, Wendy; Bosma, Rachael L.; Chiarella, Julian; Klassen, Janell A.; Sandra, Aislinn; Goegan, Sarah; Booij, Linda

doi:10.1080/17470919.2022.2086618

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, high levels of empathy were not related to active cyber-defending online, contrary to what was hypothesized. In line with existing research (Jenkins et al, 2016;Oh & Park, 2019), empathy was not related to active defending online; however, other studies have revealed that high levels of empathy are related to active cyber-defending online (Clark & Bussey, 2020;McIver et al, 2022;Schultze-Krumbholz et al, 2020;. Nonetheless, the research involving empathy and active cyber-defending online is mixed, and even when examined into cognitive and affective empathy, the results are still unclear.…”

Section: Individual Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…However, few studies have investigated the relationship between empathy and cyberdefending (Clark & Bussey, 2020;McIver et al, 2022;Schultze-Krumbholz et al, 2020;. Among these studies, the populations examined are children and adolescents, and none include the connection between empathy and cyber-defending within a sample of young adults.…”

Section: Empathy and Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other studies have noted that empathy is unrelated to passive bystanding (Belacchi & Farina, 2012;Gini et al, 2008), which aligns with the findings of this study. Even when researchers look at the cognitive and empathetic components and passive bystanding online, the results are still uncertain (Clark & Bussey, 2020;McIver et al, 2022;Schultze-Krumbholz et al, 2020;. Yet, in one study by Choi et al (2021), when people were low in affective empathy and high in cognitive empathy bystanders remained passive.…”

Section: Individual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

To defend or not to defend a cyber victim: The role of individual and situational characteristics in motivating active cyber defending among university students

Sharp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research investigated the role of individual and situational characteristics involved in motivating active cyber-defending online. Undergraduate students (N = 278, Mage = 19.10) were given questionnaires examining online bystander behaviour, moral disengagement, empathy, self-efficacy, social power, their relationship to the victim, the psychosocial cost of defending, and demographic questions. Three hypotheses were investigated. First, individuals low on moral disengagement, high on empathy, defender self-efficacy, social power, know the victim, and do not expect there to be a high psychosocial cost for defending will help the victim. Second, it was hypothesized that people who are low on moral disengagement, high on empathy, low on defender self-efficacy, social power, do not know the victim, and expect a high psychosocial cost will be less likely to defend, acting as passive cyber bystanders.Third, reinforcing the cyber-bully online was expected to be associated with high moral disengagement, low empathy, defender self-efficacy, high social power, not knowing the victim, and not expecting a high psychosocial cost to defend. Active cyber defending was related to high defender self-efficacy, whereas low defender self-efficacy, popularity, and high moral disengagement predicted remaining passive online. Conversely, reinforcing the cyber-bully online was predicted by high moral disengagement and low empathy. These results have implications for furthering our understanding of cyber-defending online and can inform the development of intervention and prevention programs aimed at promoting active defending online.

show abstract