Empathy, Emotion Regulation, and Creativity in Immersive and Maladaptive Daydreaming

West, Melina; Somer, Eli

doi:10.1177/0276236619864277

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Other components are also key elements of the disorder including the ability for vivid internal visualization, the addictive and/or compulsive aspects of the disorder, and its behavioral avoidance functions. In general, the literature suggests that maladaptive daydreaming can provide avoidance from not just the effects of severe trauma, but from general stress, conflict, loneliness, and many forms of dysphoria (1–26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maladaptive daydreaming has been the subject of a series of previous studies (1–26). Somer and colleagues (12) found that maladaptive daydreaming is characterized by extensive daydreaming that occupies many hours per day, causes significant subjective distress and interferes with function, and is accompanied by extensive comorbidity (12).…”

Section: Clinical Feature Did MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maladaptive Daydreaming, Dissociation, and the Dissociative Disorders

Ross¹,

Ridgway²,

George³

2020

PRCP

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Objective: Studies on maladaptive daydreaming have shown that it has a number of comorbidities including dissociative disorders, yet no studies have examined the reciprocal relationship. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of maladaptive daydreaming in a sample of psychiatric inpatients with high levels of dissociation. Methods: The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Self-Report Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale-16 (MDS-16), Structured Clinical Interview for Maladaptive Daydreaming, and the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory were administered to a sample of 100 inpatients in a psychiatric hospital program specializing in dissociative disorders. Results: Of the 100 participants, 93 reported childhood physical and/or sexual abuse, 33 met criteria for dissociative identity disorder; 56 met criteria for other specified dissociative disorder, 49 met criteria for maladaptive daydreaming disorder, and 23 met criteria for unspecified maladaptive daydreaming. The average score on the DES was 39.1 and the average score on the MDS-16 was 33.9. Individuals with maladaptive daydreaming disorder scored significantly higher than those without on many different symptom clusters. Conclusions: This sample of 100 highly traumatized and dissociative inpatients reported high levels of maladaptive daydreaming along with many other forms of comorbidity. Maladaptive daydreaming is a previously under-recognized aspect of complex dissociative disorders and requires further attention in both research and clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Feature Did MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maladaptive Daydreaming, Dissociation, and the Dissociative Disorders

Ross¹,

Ridgway²,

George³

2020

PRCP

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“…The Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors (BICB), developed by Batey (2007), has emerged as one of the more popular self-report tools to measure everyday creativity. It is cited and discussed in many major reviews of self-report tools in creativity research (Kaufman, 2019;Puryear et al, 2017;Said-Metwaly et al, 2017;Silvia et al, 2012) and has been used in research on wide-ranging topics in creativity studies (e.g., Tempest & Radel, 2019;West & Somer, 2020). To date, however, the BICB has yet to receive a detailed psychometric evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring everyday creativity: A Rasch model analysis of the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors (BICB) scale

Silvia

Rodriguez-Boerwinkle

Beaty

et al. 2021

Thinking Skills and Creativity

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Research on everyday creativity-the "little c" creative activities people do in their everyday lives-commonly uses self-report scales to assess people's engagement in different activities. The present research presents a detailed psychometric analysis of the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors (BICB), a 34-item yes/no checklist of common creative activities that has become one of the most popular self-report measures of everyday creative behaviors. Based on a sample of 2,359 adults, the reliability, dimensionality, item fit, item difficulty, and test information were evaluated from a Rasch model perspective. Overall, the BICB shows good evidence for score reliability and appears essentially unidimensional; a small cluster of misfitting and locally dependent items were flagged for impairing unidimensionality. The items' difficulty level was generally moderate and suitable for the scale's intended populations and purposes. Differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender and age, estimated via Rasch tree recursive partitioning methods, found notable gender-based DIF (generally reflecting culturally gendered qualities of some creative activities) but little age-based DIF. Taken together, the BICB has many psychometric strengths. Some opportunities for future scale refinement are discussed.

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“…COVID-19 social isolation requirements may therefore intensify MD in two possible ways. First, in line with the function of other addictions, MD may also arguably be utilized for distress regulation ( 63 , 67 ). Hence, according to the self-medication hypothesis ( 36 ), MD is likely to intensify during lockdown, especially as social isolation provides MDers with greater opportunities for the privacy needed to engage in this mental activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened Levels of Maladaptive Daydreaming Are Associated With COVID-19 Lockdown, Pre-existing Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Intensified Psychological Dysfunctions: A Multi-country Study

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading globally since December 2019, bringing with it anxieties, mortal risk, and agonizing psychological suffering. This study aimed to explore the relationship between maladaptive daydreaming (MD)-an addictive mental behavior to vivid fantasy associated with distress and functional impairment-and forced COVID-19 pandemic-related self-isolation and quarantine. Previous literature indicated that individuals employ MD for the regulation of distress and boredom, wish fulfillment, and entertainment experiences. The literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health identifies a flareup in psychological difficulties in the general population. In this study we explored the associations between the pandemic threat and mental health indices among individuals with MD. We surveyed 1,565 adults from over 70 countries who responded to calls for participants posted in online MD communities and other general social media sites. Probable MD was determined based on an empirically derived cutoff score on a pertinent measure. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, a series of MANCOVAs, followed by post-hoc ANCOVAs, revealed that individuals with probable MD who were observing lockdown restrictions reported having spent more time in fantasy, experienced more intense and vivid daydreaming, and had a stronger urge to daydream than other participants. Similar statistical procedures indicated that, individuals with probable MD who reported pre-existing anxiety and depression disorders described a greater urge to daydream due to the pandemic and greater difficulty to control this addictive behavior. Compared to individuals with likely normal daydreaming, individuals with suspected MD reported more pandemic-attributed deterioration on a wide array of psychological distress indices. Our data show that the current worldwide pandemic threat is connected with an elevated intensity of this addictive form of mental activity, Somer et al. Maladaptive Daydreaming and COVID-19 and that MD is associated with the exacerbation of psychological distress and dysfunction rather than with beneficial regulation of the experienced stressor.

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Empathy, Emotion Regulation, and Creativity in Immersive and Maladaptive Daydreaming

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Maladaptive Daydreaming, Dissociation, and the Dissociative Disorders

Maladaptive Daydreaming, Dissociation, and the Dissociative Disorders

Measuring everyday creativity: A Rasch model analysis of the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors (BICB) scale

Heightened Levels of Maladaptive Daydreaming Are Associated With COVID-19 Lockdown, Pre-existing Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Intensified Psychological Dysfunctions: A Multi-country Study

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