Empirical Evidence for Intraspecific Multiple Realization?

Strappini, Francesca; Martelli, Marialuisa; Cozzo, Cesare; Pace, Enrico Di

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01676

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Polger & Shapiro, 2016). In the ongoing search for such examples, qualitative variation warrants extra scrutiny, as it could point to the presence of distinct neural realizers underlying mental states (Strappini et al., 2020).…”

Section: Philosophical Implications Of Cognitive Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Variation: The Philosophical Landscape

Ward

2022

Philosophy Compass

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We do not all make choices, reason, interpret our experience, or respond to our environment in the same way. A recent surge of scientific interest has thrust these individual differences into the spotlight: researchers in cognitive psychology and neuroscience are now devoting increasing attention to cognitive variation. The philosophical dimensions of this research, however, have yet to be systematically explored. Here I make an initial foray by considering how cognitive variation is characterized. I present a central dilemma facing descriptions of individual differences, discuss several distinctions used to categorize variation, and show that these distinctions require further elaboration. Finally, by canvassing several philosophical topics for which the characterization of cognitive variation may have significant implications, I argue that philosophers should take note of how and why our minds differ.

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Section: Philosophical Implications Of Cognitive Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Variation: The Philosophical Landscape

Ward

2022

Philosophy Compass

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“…We further conjecture that this example could provide concrete evidence of multiple realization if the psychological level was added by showing that there are no differences in color perception among trichromats that have those polymorphisms. Indeed, even slight differences among these normal trichromats would exclude that color vision is multiply realized ( Strappini et al, 2020 , p. 8).…”

Section: Critiques Of the Aizawa-gillett Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they aim their fire at Aizawa and Gillett's handling of long-term potentiation (LTP), one can easily see how their concern would extend to the discussion of human color vision. Strappini et al (2020) make a case for the multiple realization of visual crowding in humans. This is an instance of what is sometimes described as "intraspecific multiple realization, " by which they mean a property that is multiply realized by members of a single biological species.…”

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The multiple realization of human color vision revisited

Aizawa

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Over the last 25 years, there has been a concerted effort to settle questions about multiple realization by bringing detailed scientific evidence to bear. Ken Aizawa and Carl Gillett have pursued this scientific approach to multiple realization with a precise theory and applications. This paper reviews the application of the Dimensioned approach to human color vision, addressing objections that have appeared in the literature.

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“…This theory has been widely accepted by laboratories, and it has been demonstrated that the level and activation range of the visual cortex of the amblyopic eyes are lower than those of the normal eyes [ 7 , 8 ]. The peripheral theory indicates that insufficient stimulation to the retina and immaturity of the tissue structure during the sensitive period of visual development are the mechanisms of amblyopia [ 9 ]. Whether and how amblyopia alters retinal structure is still a controversial issue and a hot topic of current research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular and Optic Disc Parameters in Children with Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Eyes under Optical Coherence Tomography Fundus Images

Zhu

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of macular and optic disc parameters in children with amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes, using fundus images under optical coherence tomography (OCT). 36 patients with anisometropic amblyopia were selected in the experimental group, and another 36 healthy volunteers were selected in the control group, OCT examinations were performed in all groups, and the mean diopter, mean corrected visual acuity (CVA), mean axial length, mean optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and mean macular fovea thickness were recorded in the two groups. The results found that the average diopter of the patients in the control group and the experimental group was + 2.30 ± 2.54 D and + 5.51 ± 1.76 D, respectively. The average CVA was 0.86 ± 0.07 and 0.22 ± 0.16 , respectively; the average eye axial length was 22.41 ± 1.20 mm and 21.11 ± 0.78 mm, respectively. As P < 0.05 , the differences were statistically significant in the three indicators between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the average thickness of the RNFL of the optic disc and the average thickness of the central fovea of macula ( P > 0.05 ). There was some correlation among CVA, diopter, eye axial length, RNFL thickness, and average thickness of macular fovea, but the correlation was not significant. It was suggested that there were certain differences in the macular and optic disc parameters between amblyopic and nonamblyopic children, but the difference is little. Thereout, a certain objective basis was provided for the early detection and treatment of amblyopia.

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Empirical Evidence for Intraspecific Multiple Realization?

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Cognitive Variation: The Philosophical Landscape

Cognitive Variation: The Philosophical Landscape

The multiple realization of human color vision revisited

Macular and Optic Disc Parameters in Children with Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Eyes under Optical Coherence Tomography Fundus Images

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