Empirical Observations Underestimate the Proportion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Attributable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Mwanza and Rakai Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Trials: Simulation Results

Orroth, Kate K.; White, Richard G.; Korenromp, Eline L.; Bakker, Roel; Changalucha, John; Habbema, J. Dik F.; Hayes, Richard

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000204667.11192.71

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The transmission probabilities derived from this model are appropriate for use in stochastic simulation models that likewise assume a binomial distribution for sex acts (e.g., Gray et al 2007;Orroth et al 2006;Robinson et al 1999). Bernoullian and some other deterministic models, in contrast, typically assume that the number of sex acts is equal for all couples (Pinkerton et al 1998).…”

Section: Bernoullian Hiv Transmission Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of HIV Transmission During Acute Infection in Rakai, Uganda

Pinkerton

2007

AIDS Behav

109

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Accurate estimates of the probability of HIV transmission during various stages of infection are needed to inform epidemiological models. Very limited information is available about the probability of transmission during acute HIV infection. We conducted a secondary analysis of published data from the Rakai, Uganda seroconversion study. Mathematical and computer-based models were used to quantify the per-act and per-partnership transmission probabilities during acute and chronic HIV infection, and to estimate how many of the transmission events reported in the Rakai study were due to acute-phase HIV transmission. The average per-act transmission probability during acute infection equaled 0.03604 vs. 0.00084 for chronic HIV infection. Overall, HIV was transmitted during acute infection in 46.5% of 23 "incident index partner couples." Acute-phase transmission accounted for 89.1% of all transmission events in the first 20 months of follow-up. These results highlight the substantial risk of transmission during acute HIV infection.

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Section: Bernoullian Hiv Transmission Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of HIV Transmission During Acute Infection in Rakai, Uganda

Pinkerton

2007

AIDS Behav

109

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“…Data and modelling have established that ulcerative STIs, particularly chancroid, herpes simplex virus type 2 and syphilis, are the most important STI cofactors for HIV transmission. 43,44 Control of curable genital ulcers -chancroid and syphilis -is highly feasible and correlates well with stabilization of HIV epidemics. 45 Where?…”

Section: Who?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of sexually transmitted infections and prevention of HIV transmission: mending a fractured paradigm

Steen¹,

Wi²,

Kamali³

et al. 2009

Bull World Health Org

116

103

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Control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is feasible, leads to improved sexual and reproductive health and contributes to preventing HIV transmission. The most advanced HIV epidemics have developed under conditions of poor STI control, particularly where ulcerative STIs were prevalent. Several countries that have successfully controlled STIs have documented stabilization or reversal of their HIV epidemics.STI control is a public health outcome measured by reduced incidence and prevalence. The means to achieve this include: (i) targeting and outreach to populations at greatest risk; (ii) promoting and providing condoms and other means of prevention; (iii) effective clinical interventions; (iv) an enabling environment; and (v) reliable data.Clinical services include STI case management, screening and management of STIs in sex partners. Syndromic case management is effective for most symptomatic curable STIs and screening strategies exist to detect some asymptomatic infections. Presumptive epidemiologic treatment of sex partners and sex workers complement efforts to interrupt transmission and reduce prevalence. Clinical services alone are insufficient for control since many people with STIs do not attend clinics. Outreach and peer education have been effectively used to reach such populations.STI control requires effective interventions with core populations whose rates of partner change are high enough to sustain transmission. Effective, appropriate targeting is thus necessary and often sufficient to reduce prevalence in the general population. Such efforts are most effective when combined with structural interventions to ensure an enabling environment for prevention. Reliable surveillance and related data are critical for designing and evaluating interventions and for assessing control efforts.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬ a

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“…However, sex work and the lack of health services remain in many resource-poor countries. In addition, chancroid is a public health problem because it facilitates the acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (5,26,37). Thus, understanding host responses to H. ducreyi is an important area of investigation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%