Empirical validation of the triple-code model of numerical processing for complex math operations using functional MRI and group Independent Component Analysis of the mental addition and subtraction of fractions

Schmithorst, Vincent J.; Brown, Rhonda Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.021

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The component in Figure 1c, however, was detected in a cluster size of only 12, indicating a weaker strength relative to the other components. The ICA analysis (Figure 3) resulted only in the detection of the regions shown in Figure 1b, in addition to left posterior superior temporal gyrus (shown in Figure 1e) and bilateral superior frontal gyrus; the lack of complete agreement between ICA and GLM results for group analyses has been discussed previously (Schmithorst and Brown, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The advantage of ICA, a data-driven approach, lies in its ability to mine more information from the data than is possible via conventional hypothesis-driven analyses (e.g. (Schmithorst and Brown, 2004)). Thus, a natural extension is to also use a data-driven analysis on the associated time courses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the very large dimensionality (40 sources/ subject X 313 subjects = greater than 12,000 sources) an EM algorithm (Roweis, 1997) was used for the PCA reduction. The model order selection for the second dimensionality reduction was an empirical choice, based on previous group ICA analyses (Schmithorst, 2005;Schmithorst and Brown, 2004); the extremely large dimensionality rendered other methods such as analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues (Minka, 2000) computationally intractable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a square wave convolved with an impulse HRF). Group ICA analysis has been previously used for a variety of fMRI studies including those investigating math processing (Schmithorst and Brown, 2004), alcohol intoxication effects on simulated driving (Calhoun et al, 2004b), and music perception (Schmithorst, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2006

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The ability to comprehend narratives constitutes an important component of human development and experience. The neural correlates of auditory narrative comprehension in children were investigated in a large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving 313 subjects ages 5-18. Using group Independent Component Analysis (ICA), bilateral task-related components were found comprising the primary auditory cortex, the mid-superior temporal gyrus, the hippocampus, the angular gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobule (precuneus/posterior cingulate). In addition, a right-lateralized component was found involving the most posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, and a left-lateralized component was found comprising the inferior frontal gyrus (including Broca's area), the inferior parietal lobule, and the medial temporal gyrus. Using a novel data-driven analysis technique, increased task-related activity related to age was found in the components comprising the mid-superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) and the posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, while decreased activity related to age was found in the component comprising the angular gyrus. The results are discussed in light of recent hypotheses involving the functional segregation of Wernicke's area and the specific role of the mid-superior temporal gyrus in speech comprehension.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2006

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“…Schmithorst and Holland (2004b) compared three methods of group ICA analysis (across-subject averaging, subject-wise concatenation, and row-wise concatenation) and concluded that the subject-wise concatenation approach proposed by Calhoun et al (2001b) provided the best overall performance among the three approaches. This method has been used in studies of visual perception (Calhoun et al, 2001b), numerical processing for complex math operations (Schmithorst and Brown, 2004a), narrative comprehension (Schmithorst et al, 2006), and complex natural environment (Malinen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group independent component analysis of language fMRI from word generation tasks

et al. 2008

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Language fMRI has been used to study brain regions involved in language processing and has been applied to pre-surgical language mapping. However, in order to provide clinicians with optimal information, the sensitivity and specificity of language fMRI needs to be improved. Type II error of failing to reach statistical significance when the language activations are genuinely present may be particularly relevant to pre-surgical planning, by falsely indicating low surgical risk in areas where no activations are shown. Furthermore, since the execution of language paradigms involves cognitive processes other than language function per se, the conventional general linear model (GLM) method may identify non-language-specific activations. In this study, we assessed an exploratory approach, independent component analysis (ICA), as a potential complementary method to the inferential GLM method in language mapping applications. We specifically investigated whether this approach might reduce type II error as well as generate more language-specific maps. Fourteen right-handed healthy subjects were studied with fMRI during two word generation tasks. A similarity analysis across tasks was proposed to select components of interest. Union analysis was performed on the languagespecific components to increase sensitivity, and conjunction analysis was performed to identify language areas more likely to be essential. Compared with GLM, ICA identified more activated voxels in the putative language areas, and signals from other sources were isolated into different components. Encouraging results from one brain tumor patient are also presented. ICA may be used as a complementary tool to GLM in improving pre-surgical language mapping.

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Mathematical Development

Butterworth,

Varma

2013

Educational Neuroscience

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Headteachers, teachers, practitioners, governing bodies of maintained schools and practitioners and management committees in the non-maintained sector in Wales; local education authorities; teacher unions and school representative bodies; church diocesan authorities; national bodies in Wales with an interest in education.This guidance supports the Mathematical Development Area of Learning in the Foundation Phase Framework for Children's Learning for 3 to 7-year-olds in Wales. The document provides guidance on the skills and knowledge that children acquire, along with case studies on its implementation in settings and schools. The guidance and Area of Learning should not be viewed or delivered in isolation; it should be planned for across the curriculum.Enquiries about this document should be directed to: Curriculum and Assessment 3-

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Empirical validation of the triple-code model of numerical processing for complex math operations using functional MRI and group Independent Component Analysis of the mental addition and subtraction of fractions

Cited by 97 publications

References 55 publications

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Group independent component analysis of language fMRI from word generation tasks

Mathematical Development

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