Employment trajectories: Exploring gender differences and impacts of drug use

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of drug use on employment over 20 years among men and women, utilizing data on 7,661 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Growth mixture modeling was applied, and five distinct employment trajectory groups were identified for both men and women. The identified patterns were largely similar for men and women except that a U-shape employment trajectory was uniquely identified for women. Early-initiation drug users, users of "hard" drugs, and frequent drug users were more likely to demonstrate consistently low levels of employment, and the negative relationship between drug use and employment was more apparent among men than women. Also, positive associations between employment and marriage became more salient for men over time, as did negative associations between employment and childrearing among women. Processes are dynamic and complex, suggesting that throughout the life course, protective factors that reduce the risk of employment problems emerge and change, as do critical periods for maximizing the impact of drug prevention and intervention efforts.

Trajectories of injecting behavior in the Amsterdam Cohort Study among drug users

“…This methodology was applied in multiple research areas and distinct trajectories were described in relation to http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.020 0376-8716/© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. alcohol use Schulenberg et al, 1996), smoking (Brook et al, 2008(Brook et al, , 2007Hu et al, 2008;Ingvar Rosendahl et al, 2008;Lessov-Schlaggar et al, 2008), drug use in general and joint use of multiple drugs Martino et al, 2008;Orlando et al, 2005;Wanner et al, 2006), and aggression, delinquency or social withdrawal (Broidy et al, 2003;Cjte et al, 2002;Huang et al, 2011;Lacourse et al, 2002Lacourse et al, , 2003Oh et al, 2008;Prendergast et al, 2010;Tremblay et al, 2005).…”

Diferencias de género en la gravedad de la adicción

“…(Huang, Evans, Hara, Weiss, y Hser, 2011;Thompson y Petrovic, 2009). Así, los hombres consumidores tienen más historia de vida laboral y están más predispuestos al trabajo que las mujeres (Hogue, Dauber, Dasaro, y Morgenstern, 2010).…”

“…En nuestra muestra se detecta un patrón de mercado laboral caracterizado por el predominio de trabajos manuales en los hombres, y por profesiones técnicas, administrativas, comerciales y los trabajos domésticos en las mujeres. Por otra parte, las mujeres habían trabajado menos tiempo a jornada completa, como han mostrado otros estudios (Green et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2011). Se necesitan más investigaciones para entender cómo los TUS afectan a hombres y mujeres en el ámbito laboral (Huang et al, 2011).…”

“…Por otra parte, las mujeres habían trabajado menos tiempo a jornada completa, como han mostrado otros estudios (Green et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2011). Se necesitan más investigaciones para entender cómo los TUS afectan a hombres y mujeres en el ámbito laboral (Huang et al, 2011).…”

Job Contract at Birth of the First Child as a Predictor of Women’s Labor Market Attachment: Trajectory Analyses over 11 Years

“…In addition, latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling have been used in the analysis of employment trajectories in general (e.g., Huang et al, 2011;Virtanen et al, 2011), and in particular for men or women (Dariotis et al, 2011;Hynes & Clarkberg, 2005). Hynes and Clarkberg (2005) analyzed women's employment trajectories around the time of childbirth in the USA.…”