Empty gestational sacs diagnosed by abdominal real-time ultrasonography

Ismail, Amr; Kishk, Soad M.A.

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(91)90221-6

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From 720 citations, 23 were reviewed in detail. Eight primary articles with four different categories of tests (18 2 × 2 tables) involving 872 women were included in this systematic review10–17 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four primary articles included women symptomatic of threatened miscarriage10–13, three included both symptomatic and asymptomatic women14–16 and one included only asymptomatic women17 in the first trimester. It was not possible to separate the data of asymptomatic women from those who were symptomatic of threatened miscarriage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a fair amount of inconsistency among the reported specificities. For instance, empty gestational sacs ≥ 16 mm and ≥ 17 mm were reported to have a high specificity in two studies13, 15, but the use of a more conservative threshold (> 20 mm) gave very poor specificity for the diagnosis of early embryonic demise12. None of the studies evaluated the reproducibility and repeatability of these early pregnancy measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accuracy of first‐trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review

Jeve

Rana

Bhide

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accuracy of first‐trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review

Jeve

Rana

Bhide

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Rationalising the change in defining non‐viability in the first trimester

Infante

Casikar

Menakaya

et al. 2013

Australas J Ultrason Med

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Introduction: With the publication of four papers in late 2011, international cut‐offs for definitions of non‐viability in the first trimester of pregnancy were challenged. These definitions were inconsistent across different international guidelines. For example, a gestational sac with absent yolk sac or embryo and a mean diameter of ≥ 16 mm would be classified as a miscarriage in the USA, whereas the same sac would have to measure ≥ 20 mm in the UK or Australia to meet this definition. Likewise, an embryo with no detectable heartbeat and a CRL of ≥ 5 mm would also meet criteria for missed miscarriage in the USA, compared to a CRL ≥ 6 mm in the UK or Australia. Methods: Later in 2011 and then in 2012, guidelines across the three countries were updated and are now consistent, defining an empty gestational sac with a mean diameter of > 25 mm as a non‐viable pregnancy and/or an embryo with CRL > 7 mm and no detectable heartbeat. In this paper we explore the rationale that led to these changes in order to potentially avoid wrongly diagnosing miscarriage at the decision boundary measurements and in turn avoiding inadvertent termination of potentially viable pregnancies. Conclusion: Although reducing women's anxiety and making a definitive diagnosis as early as possible is desirable, the need for absolute certainty is paramount before diagnosis of the death of an early pregnancy is made.

show abstract

Empty gestational sacs diagnosed by abdominal real-time ultrasonography

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Accuracy of first‐trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review

Accuracy of first‐trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review

Rationalising the change in defining non‐viability in the first trimester

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