Emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate

Eslami, Hormoz; Zhu, Shiping

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.031

Cited by 58 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the method, a temperature profile was used where polymerization was initially carried out at 30 C for 30 min, and then followed by 70 C for the further polymerization. In this way, well-controlled PEHMA homopolymers with M w /M n ¼ 1.1-1.2 216 and PEHMA-b-PMMA with M w / M n \ 1.2 217 were produced in coagulum-free stable latex particles with a diameter of $300 nm.…”

Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in controlled/living radical polymerization in emulsion and dispersion

2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

142

126

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Effective ways to conduct controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) in emulsion systems are necessary for commercial latex production without significant modification of current industrial facilities. Conducting CRP in emulsion media is more complicated and more challenging than its application in homogeneous bulk. These challenges come from the intrinsic kinetics of emulsion polymerization. They include mass transport, slow chain growth mechanism, and exit of short radicals from polymeric particles. This review describes the recent developments of CRP in heterogeneous dispersion, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, dispersion, and especially emulsion. Various approaches for conducting emulsion CRP are detailed, including controlled seeded emulsion polymerization, nanoprecipitation, use of short oligomers as macroinitiators for in situ block copolymerization, and RAFT-mediated selfassembly. In addition many remaining challenges of the current methods barring wide spread industrial application of emulsion CRP are also suggested.

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Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in controlled/living radical polymerization in emulsion and dispersion

2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

142

126

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“…The initial attempt to extend ATRP to an emulsion system in 1998 using normal ATRP initiation techniques [57] was followed by many additional efforts [112][113][114][115]. Generally, good control over molecular weight and MWD was achieved.…”

Section: Development Of Atrp In Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media

2009

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During the last decade, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) received significant attention due to its exceptional capability of synthesizing polymers with pre-determined molecular weight, well-defined molecular architectures and various functionalities. It is economically and environmentally attractive to adopt ATRP to aqueous dispersed media, although the process is challenging. This review summarizes recent developments of conducting ATRP in aqueous dispersed media. The issues related to retaining "controlled/living" character as well as colloidal stability during the polymerization have to be considered. Better understanding the ATRP mechanism and development of new initiation techniques, such as activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) significantly facilitated ATRP in aqueous systems. This review covers the most important progress of ATRP in dispersed media from 1998 to 2009, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, emulsion, suspension and dispersed polymerization.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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“…Many applications require particles consisting of a pre-defined molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution [2]. Control over the polymer molecular weight and its distribution during polymerization has long been a challenge in polymer material research, especially in the applications for medicine release material and as biotechnology materials [3,4]. The advent of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides a new way to synthesize polymers with controlled molecular weight [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different ligands on the controlled polymerization of monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres by atom transfer radical polymerization in an aqueous emulsion

Tian¹,

Hu²,

Miao³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Polystyrene nanospheres have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to control the molecular weight distribution in the aqueous system. The crucial factor in such a system is the ligand that adjusts the solubility of the catalyst in different phases to control the concentration of both the activator and the deactivator in reaction phase. The effect of different ligands including ethylenediamine, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 4,4-dinonyl-2, 2-bipyridyl (dNbpy) on the catalytic solubility in the organic and aqueous phase has been investigated. The molecular weight distribution of polymer obtained in this way was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It showed that the obtained polymer particles presented a broad molecular weight distribution (polydispersity index 1.78) with ethylenediamine as the ligand, but the polymerization rate was high and conversion reached 96.8%. The molecular weight distribution of polystyrene was narrowest with dNbpy as ligand, but the conversion was lowest and only achieved to 69%. Possible reasons were the influence of the structure of three different ligands on the control of ATRP reaction. SEM and GPC indicated that the polystyrene nanospheres presented regular sphere with a diameter of about 120 nm and uniform molecular weight distribution, which possessed a significant potentials in drug carrier field.

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Emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

Recent advances in controlled/living radical polymerization in emulsion and dispersion

Recent advances in controlled/living radical polymerization in emulsion and dispersion

Atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media

Effect of different ligands on the controlled polymerization of monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres by atom transfer radical polymerization in an aqueous emulsion

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