En defensa de una teoría Gaia orgánica

The Terrestrial Metasystem

“…To verify the possibility that the global metasystem is a complex adaptive system (CAS), we start from Levin [18] who defined three minimum properties for a CAS: (i) individuality of the components; (ii) localized interactions between the components; (iii) an autonomous process that selects between the components. These three properties are exhibited by cells, organisms, ecosystems, by the biosphere and by Gaia [8,9], and it seems that also by the global metasystem.…”

“…On the other hand, the biosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the crust of the geosphere form what is called Gaia in the framework of the homonymous theory ( [7][8][9]17]. Those four systems S1, S2, S3 and S4 grouped in Gaia, in turn, would be part of the global metasystem MS.…”

“…It should be noted that the global metasystem is different (because it pertains to another description scope) of the hypothesized interactive homeostatic system whose units are the living beings and their physicochemical environment (as in the Gaia hypothesis developed by Lovelock [7], the organic Gaia presented by de Castro-Carranza [8], or the Gaia theory described by Lenton and van Oijen [9] and revised by Onori and Visconti [10]).…”

The city of god revisited: Digitalism as a new technological religion

“…Sometimes it could be understood as a living organism. For instance, Carlos de Castro considers a better model of living organism (De Castro Carrenza, 2013).…”