Enabling Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Water by Doping Cs₂SnBr₆ Perovskite with Pt

Abstract

Lead (Pb) halide perovskites (LHPs) have attracted great interest in photocatalysis. However, the unsatisfactory stability and toxicity of Pb restrict its large-scale application. Herein, lead-free Cs 2 Pt 0.25 Sn 0.75 Br 6 perovskites are reported for photocatalytic hydrogen reaction (HER) in water. The partial substitution of Sn atoms with Pt atoms dramatically enhances the HER performance and stability of the Cs 2 SnBr 6 perovskites. This doping approach allows Cs 2 Pt 0.25 Sn 0.75 Br 6 to work in the aqueous phase without saturated hydrohalic acid. The resultant dye-sensitized Cs 2 Pt 0.25 Sn 0.75 Br 6 perovskites exhibit a remarkable H 2 evolution rate of 11.49 mmol g −1 h −1 with an apparent quantum yield of 7.2%. Various investigations uncover that Pt doping significantly tunes the intrinsic properties and surface active sites of the Cs 2 Pt 0.25 Sn 0.75 Br 6 . Furthermore, the more negative formation energy and decreased surface hydrophilicity endow Cs 2 Pt x Sn 1−x Br 6 with a high stability against water. This work represents a significant stride toward the realization of water-stable lead-free perovskites for photocatalysis.

Perovskite Paradigm Shift: A Green Revolution with Lead-Free Alternatives in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

“…Conduction and valence band positions of several reported all-inorganic LFHP photocatalysts with the relative potential in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. The band levels are acquired from published results. ,,− …”

Surface Ligand Engineering to Modulate the Synthesis of DJ-Type 2D Sn-Based Perovskites for Light-Emitting Diodes

“…Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are widely embraced for their outstanding optoelectronic properties, finding applications in photovoltaics, , light-emitting diodes (LEDs), , photodetectors, fluorescence imaging, and photocatalysis data memories et al , However, the environmental concerns associated with Pb-based halide perovskites have underscored the need for research on Pb-free alternatives. − Among these, Sn-based halide perovskites have gained interest by reason for their similarities with Pb in various aspects. − Despite their promising features, MHPs face challenges in stability due to their inherent ionic structural properties, rendering them vulnerable to external factors like solvents, ultraviolet (UV) rays, temperature, humidity, and electric fields. This limitation significantly impacts the practical utilization of MHPs. , …”

4-Chlorrate Assisted in Situ Passivation of CsPbCl3 Perovskite Quantum Dots with High Water Stability for Light-Emitting Diode

“…All inorganic halogen perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have become a research hotspot in the field of photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, photoelectric detectors, and light-emitting diodes due to their excellent photoelectric properties such as high quantum yield, adjustable band gap, and narrow half-peak width. − However, its stability at high temperatures, oxygen, and especially water has always puzzled us. For example, light-emitting diodes are extremely unstable when exposed to high humidity, and the application of perovskite materials in the field of photocatalysis also has high requirements for water stability. , Solving instability in water is an important and challenging task in research. − …”