Enabling remote-control for the power sub-stations over LTE-A networks

Hindia, Mohammad Nour; Qamar, Faizan; Majed, Mohammad B.; Rahman, Tharek Abd; Amiri, Iraj Sadegh

doi:10.1007/s11235-018-0465-x

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The aim of any reliable communication is to achieve a reliable (i.e., accurate) transmission link between the Tx and the Rx [33], including path loss, which is a major aspect upon assessing various types of network scenarios [34]. The factors that directly affect path loss are the distance between the source and the user, operating frequency, fading effect, environmental surface, and meteorological conditions [35,36]. Hence, researchers have been employing several probabilistic techniques in modelling various path losses for various noise and interference-limited scenarios, due to the nature of randomness in wireless channels.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Experiments and extensive results have attained diverse datasets, and keeping those studies in mind, researchers have designed many path loss models to predict signal attenuation of the propagation channels. Researches are currently exploring radio channels, such as 28,32,36,38,60,. Some of the latest developments that predict propagation channels are explained in the next section.In this paper, the propagation channel was estimated by extracting the path loss exponents (PLEs) value at the 38 GHz frequency band.…”

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Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

et al. 2019

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The advent of fifth-generation (5G) systems and their mechanics have introduced an unconventional frequency spectrum of high bandwidth with most falling under the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. The benefit of adopting these bands of the frequency spectrum is two-fold. First, most of these bands appear to be unutilized and they are free, thus suggesting the absence of interference from other technologies. Second, the availability of a larger bandwidth offers higher data rates for all users, as there are higher numbers of users who are connected in a small geographical area, which is also stated as the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, high-frequency band poses several challenges in terms of coverage area limitations, signal attenuation, path and penetration losses, as well as scattering. Additionally, mmWave signal bands are susceptible to blockage from buildings and other structures, particularly in higher-density urban areas. Identifying the channel performance at a given frequency is indeed necessary to optimize communication efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, this paper investigated the potential ability of mmWave path loss models, such as floating intercept (FI) and close-in (CI), based on real measurements gathered from urban microcell outdoor environments at 38 GHz conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur campus. The measurement data were obtained by using a narrow band mmWave channel sounder equipped with a steerable direction horn antenna. It investigated the potential of the network for outdoor scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with both schemes of co-(vertical-vertical) and cross (vertical-horizontal) polarization. The parameters were selected to reflect the performance and the variances with other schemes, such as average users cell throughput, throughput of users that are at cell-edges, fairness index, and spectral efficiency. The outcomes were examined for various antenna configurations as well as at different channel bandwidths to prove the enhancement of overall network performance. This work showed that the CI path loss model predicted greater network performance for the LOS condition, and also estimated significant outcomes for the NLOS environment. The outputs proved that the FI path loss model, particularly for V-V antenna polarization, gave system simulation results that were unsuitable for the NLOS scenario. IntroductionIn a 5G communication network, mobile operators are forced to use a high-frequency spectrum due to the limited amount of channel bandwidth. The 5G boosts the overall performance and enhances user experience offered by the present generation mobile technologies. Some of the most hyped features include higher data-rates, lower end-to-end delays, and minimal energy consumption [1]. In order to meet a common goal, several technologies need to be implemented in a fashion that allows the smooth operation of the overall network as a singular body. Nevertheless, vast technologies and communication...

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Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

et al. 2019

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“…Intelligence management is built on an efficient cognitive engine that uses a diverse range of synthetic intelligence methods (e.g., genetic algorithm and rule-based systems) and neural networks to manage the network resources [108,109]. Interference management focuses on the implementation aspect of the CR, which involves various characteristics of the radio channels (such as resource allocation for the users), in addition to link quality and channel awareness, which highly depend on the precise selection of transmission power [110].…”

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confidence: 99%

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

et al. 2020

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With an extensive growth in user demand for high throughput, large capacity, and low latency, the ongoing deployment of Fifth-Generation (5G) systems is continuously exposing the inherent limitations of the system, as compared with its original premises. Such limitations are encouraging researchers worldwide to focus on next-generation 6G wireless systems, which are expected to address the constraints. To meet the above demands, future radio network architecture should be effectively designed to utilize its maximum radio spectrum capacity. It must simultaneously utilize various new techniques and technologies, such as Carrier Aggregation (CA), Cognitive Radio (CR), and small cell-based Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet), high-spectrum access (mmWave), and Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO), to achieve the desired results. However, the concurrent operations of these techniques in current 5G cellular networks create several spectrum management issues; thus, a comprehensive overview of these emerging technologies is presented in detail in this study. Then, the problems involved in the concurrent operations of various technologies for the spectrum management of the current 5G network are highlighted. The study aims to provide a detailed review of cooperative communication among all the techniques and potential problems associated with the spectrum management that has been addressed with the possible solutions proposed by the latest researches. Future research challenges are also discussed to highlight the necessary steps that can help achieve the desired objectives for designing 6G wireless networks.

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“…Smart devices in fifth generation (5G) wireless systems can be loaded not only with a variety of sensors, but also by different means of communication that enable access to the Internet. Technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and more recently Wi-Fi P2P (Wi-Fi Direct), can be used to enrich the smart side of these devices by enabling D2D communication and providing more functionality to enhance the user experience [15,16] and facilitate interactivity with the surrounding environment [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, such level of user experience and interactivity may become seriously reduced in remote areas with intermittent cellular services and/or lack of Wi-Fi coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility, Residual Energy, and Link Quality Aware Multipath Routing in MANETs with Q-learning Algorithm

et al. 2019

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To facilitate connectivity to the internet, the easiest way to establish communication infrastructure in areas affected by natural disaster and in remote locations with intermittent cellular services and/or lack of Wi-Fi coverage is to deploy an end-to-end connection over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). However, the potentials of MANETs are yet to be fully realized as existing MANETs routing protocols still suffer some major technical drawback in the areas of mobility, link quality, and battery constraint of mobile nodes between the overlay connections. To address these problems, a routing scheme named Mobility, Residual energy and Link quality Aware Multipath (MRLAM) is proposed for routing in MANETs. The proposed scheme makes routing decisions by determining the optimal route with energy efficient nodes to maintain the stability, reliability, and lifetime of the network over a sustained period of time. The MRLAM scheme uses a Q-Learning algorithm for the selection of optimal intermediate nodes based on the available status of energy level, mobility, and link quality parameters, and then provides positive and negative reward values accordingly. The proposed routing scheme reduces energy cost by 33% and 23%, end to end delay by 15% and 10%, packet loss ratio by 30.76% and 24.59%, and convergence time by 16.49% and 11.34% approximately, compared with other well-known routing schemes such as Multipath Optimized Link State Routing protocol (MP-OLSR) and MP-OLSRv2, respectively. Overall, the acquired results indicate that the proposed MRLAM routing scheme significantly improves the overall performance of the network.

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Enabling remote-control for the power sub-stations over LTE-A networks

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

Mobility, Residual Energy, and Link Quality Aware Multipath Routing in MANETs with Q-learning Algorithm

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