Encapsulating sodium deposition into carbon rhombic dodecahedron guided by sodiophilic sites for dendrite-free Na metal batteries

Xie, Yangyang; Hu, Junxian; Han, Zheng; Wang, Taosheng; Zheng, Jinyun; Gan, Lang; Lai, Yanqing; Zhang, Zhian

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.05.008

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Note that the dominance of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N is beneficial to enhancing the conductivity and sodiophilicity of Co‐VG/CC host. [ 34,42 ] In addition, Raman spectra of Co‐VG/CC, VG/CC and CC disclose the presence of graphitic carbon (Figure S9, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous Promotion in Sodiophilicity and Conductivity of Flexible Host via Vertical Graphene Cultivator for Longevous Sodium Metal Batteries

Gao

Liu

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium (Na) metal batteries are nowadays appealing due to high specific capacity and low cost. However, major caveats including severe Na dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase formation, and poor mechanical robustness have hampered its practicability. In this report, a highly sodiophilic and conductive host harnessing hierarchical vertical graphene (VG) cultivator and Co nanoparticle/N‐doped carbon decorator (Co‐VG/CC) is designed to accommodate Na metal throughout a facile infusion route. The strong interaction between Co‐VG/CC and Na is realized by sodiophilic Co nanoparticle/N‐doped carbon hybrid, resulting in excellent structural stability of the electrode. The well‐regulated Na adsorption behavior and uniform stripping/plating mechanism is systematically investigated via theoretical simulation in harmonization with in situ/ex situ electroanalytical analysis. In consequence, as‐derived Na@Co‐VG/CC electrode effectively inhibits the dendrite formation, resulting in promising electrochemical performances in symmetric cell configuration (functioning at an elevated rate of 5.0 mA cm−2 under 5.0 mAh cm−2 for 280 h, delivering a high capacity of 6.0 mAh cm−2 at 3.0 mA cm−2 for 1000 h and maintaining an ultralong lifespan up to 2000 h). Meanwhile, assembled flexible Na metal battery full cell can sustain to work for 120 h, representing a great advance in practical energy storage applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous Promotion in Sodiophilicity and Conductivity of Flexible Host via Vertical Graphene Cultivator for Longevous Sodium Metal Batteries

Gao

Liu

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Abundant pores provide enough space for the deposition of Na metal, and large specific surface area also effectively reduce the local current density of O‐CCF surface, which is conductive to inhibit the formation of Na dendrites. [ 18 ] In addition, O‐CCF matrix exhibits excellent wettability with electrolyte (Figure 2f,g), which benefits the electrolyte entering interior of O‐CCF and makes Na nucleate inside skeleton of O‐CCF. To explore the relationship between 3D structure and electric field, a multi‐physics coupling method was used to establish the electric field model to analyze electric field distribution on surface of O‐CCF electrode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4d,15,21 ] Considering the nucleation size is inversely proportional to the overpotential, it is easier to form uniform Na deposition on the surface of O‐CCF rather than Na dendrite. [ 18a,24 ] As shown in Figure S12a, Supporting Information, Na metal grows into a semi‐circular shape on the surface of O‐CCF in the nucleation stage. The corresponding mappings show that Na metal is evenly distributed (Figure S12b,c, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by Sodiophilic Carbonized Coconut Framework with 3D Tubular Structure

Sun

Gao

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Although extensive efforts have been made to stabilize metal sodium anodes and prevent dendrite formation, it is still difficult to achieve long‐term stability at large area capacity and high current density due to a series of complex failure modes, including uneven Na nucleation and subsequent dendrite formation. Herein, an oxygen‐containing carbonized coconut framework (O‐CCF) with a 3D tubular structure is designed to inhibit dendrite growth. The 3D tubular structure can regulate the uniform distribution of electric field, making Na+ diffuse evenly on the electrode surface. The oxygen functional groups with sodiophilicity contribute to the adsorption of Na+ and reduce the Na nucleation energy on the surface of O‐CCF. The interaction of 3D tubular structure and oxygen functional groups enable Na stripping/plating over 10 000 cycles at 50 mA cm−2, as well as cycling stably for 1000 cycles with coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 5 mA cm−2 and high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. As a proof of concept, full cells of O‐CCF//Na‐Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) and Na‐O‐CCF//Fe7S8 are assembled and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. This work presents a promising strategy for fabrication of safe Na metal anodes.

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“…In contrast, these carbon hosts without self‐sodiophility exhibit severe dendrites growth and inferior cycling stability. [ 32–37 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we demonstrate a flexible lignin‐derived carbon nanofiber (LCNF) with continuous interlayer cavities and self‐sodiophilic sites in the 3D space, which can facilitate the uniform infiltration of molten Na, encapsulating “hostless” Na metal to be “hosted” in the LCNF@Na composite electrode. Different from other carbon hosts that need to introduce sodiophilic properties to improve the affinity with Na metal, [ 32–37 ] our carbon host has self‐sodiophility due to the aromatic structure of precursor lignin. These self‐sodiophilic sites and abundant porous structure not only enable uniform Na plating/stripping due to the enhanced Na affinity, but also distribute the local electrical field and stabilize the SEI layer, thus achieving a dendrite‐free morphology during cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self‐Sodiophilic Carbon Host Promotes the Cyclability of Sodium Anode

Tao

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Benefiting from abundant resource reserves and considerable theoretical capacity, sodium (Na) metal is a strong anode candidate for low‐cost, large‐scale energy storage applications. However, extensive volume change and mossy/dendritic growth during Na electrodeposition have impeded the practical application of Na metal batteries. Herein, a self‐sodiophilic carbon host, lignin‐derived carbon nanofiber (LCNF), is reported to accommodate Na metal through an infiltration method. Na metal is completely encapsulated in the 3D space of the LCNF host, where the strong interaction between LCNF and Na metal is mediated by the self‐sodiophilic sites. The resulting LCNF@Na electrode delivers good cycling stability with a low voltage hysteresis and a dendrite‐free morphology in commercial carbonate‐based electrolytes. When interfaced with O3‐NaNi0.33Mn0.33Fe0.33O2 and P2‐Na0.7Ni0.33Mn0.55Fe0.1Ti0.02O2 cathodes in full cell Na metal batteries, the LCNF@Na electrode enables high capacity retentions, long cycle life, and good rate capability. Even in a “lean” Na anode environment, the full cells can still deliver good electrochemical performance. The overall stable battery performance, based on a self‐sodiophilic, biomass‐derived carbon host, illuminates a promising path towards enabling low‐cost Na metal batteries.

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Encapsulating sodium deposition into carbon rhombic dodecahedron guided by sodiophilic sites for dendrite-free Na metal batteries

Cited by 61 publications

References 45 publications

Synchronous Promotion in Sodiophilicity and Conductivity of Flexible Host via Vertical Graphene Cultivator for Longevous Sodium Metal Batteries

Synchronous Promotion in Sodiophilicity and Conductivity of Flexible Host via Vertical Graphene Cultivator for Longevous Sodium Metal Batteries

Superior Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by Sodiophilic Carbonized Coconut Framework with 3D Tubular Structure

A Self‐Sodiophilic Carbon Host Promotes the Cyclability of Sodium Anode

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