Encephalitic Development in Alphaviral Infection

Paessler, Slobodan; Taylor, Katherine

doi:10.5772/24175

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 242 publications

(289 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, among the arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors), Alphaviruses constitute a major source of viral zoonotic diseases, and often induce encephalitis. Among Alphaviruses, Eastern (EEEV) and Western Equine Encephalitis viruses (WEEV) ( Paessler and Taylor, 2011 ) and the re-emerging chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have been associated with serious neurological manifestations ( Economopoulou et al, 2009 ). Sindbis virus, the type species and best-studied member of the Alphavirus genus, has been extensively used as a viral encephalitis model in mice ( Lewis et al, 1996 ; Lustig et al, 1988 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes

Passoni

Langevin

Palha

et al. 2017

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Sindbis virus (SINV), are vector-borne pathogens that cause acute illnesses in humans and are sometimes associated with neuropathies, especially in infants and elderly patients. Little is known about their mechanism of entry into the central nervous system (CNS), even for SINV, which has been used extensively as a model for viral encephalopathies. We previously established a CHIKV infection model in the optically transparent zebrafish larva; here we describe a new SINV infection model in this host. We imaged in vivo the onset and progression of the infection caused by intravenous SINV inoculation. Similar to that described for CHIKV, infection in the periphery was detected early and was transient, whereas CNS infection started at later time points and was persistent or progressive. We then tested the possible mechanisms of neuroinvasion by CHIKV and SINV. Neither virus relied on macrophage-mediated transport to access the CNS. CHIKV, but not SINV, always infects endothelial cells of the brain vasculature. By contrast, axonal transport was much more efficient with SINV than CHIKV, both from the periphery to the CNS and between neural tissues. Thus, the preferred mechanisms of neuroinvasion by these two related viruses are distinct, providing a powerful imaging-friendly system to compare mechanisms and prevention methods of encephalopathies.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes

Passoni

Langevin

Palha

et al. 2017

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Birds also serve as hosts for many arboviruses. Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) are one of the primary causes of acute neurological disease in vertebrates, with alphaviruses being one of the most predominant neuroinvasive arboviruses [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High costs of infection: Alphavirus infection reduces digestive function and bone and feather growth in nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Fassbinder-Orth¹,

Killpack²,

Goto³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasingly, ecoimmunology studies aim to use relevant pathogen exposure to examine the impacts of infection on physiological processes in wild animals. Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses (“arboviruses”) responsible for millions of cases of human illnesses each year. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) is a unique alphavirus that is transmitted by a cimicid insect, the swallow bug, and is amplified in two avian species: the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota). BCRV, like many alphaviruses, exhibits age-dependent susceptibility where the young are most susceptible to developing disease and exhibit a high mortality rate. However, alphavirus disease etiology in nestling birds is unknown. In this study, we infected nestling house sparrows with Buggy Creek virus and measured virological, pathological, growth, and digestive parameters following infection. Buggy Creek virus caused severe encephalitis in all infected nestlings, and the peak viral concentration in brain tissue was over 34 times greater than any other tissue. Growth, tissue development, and digestive function were all significantly impaired during BCRV infection. However, based on histopathological analysis performed, this impairment does not appear to be the result of direct tissue damage by the virus, but likely caused by encephalitis and neuronal invasion and impairment of the central nervous system. This is the first study to examine the course of alphavirus diseases in nestling birds and these results will improve our understanding of age-dependent infections of alphaviruses in vertebrate hosts.

show abstract

Encephalitic Development in Alphaviral Infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 242 publications

Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes

Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes

High costs of infection: Alphavirus infection reduces digestive function and bone and feather growth in nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About