Encephalitis without Meningitis Due to Sandfly Fever Virus Serotype Toscana

Dionisio, Daniele; Valassina, Marcello; Ciufolini, Maria Grazia; Vivarelli, Angela; Esperti, Francesco; Cusi, Maria Grazia; Marchi, Antonella; Mazzoli, Franca; Lupi, Cinzia

doi:10.1086/319759

Cited by 72 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…), a febrile prodrome precedes the neurological manifestation of SFV encephalitis. Variable prodrome durations were previously reported, from less than one day [19][20][21][22][23][24], 3-5 days [11,21,25,26], and rarely more than two weeks [27]. Both our cases presented after particularly long prodromes of 7 and 14 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Cohen¹,

Frida²,

Shimoni³

et al. 2017

J Neuroinfect Dis

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Background: Infections due to Sand-fly virus (SFV) are common in the Mediterranean region, but are rarely diagnosed in Israel. Until recently, no cases of severe neuro-invasive SFV infections were reported. In this study, we describe two cases of encephalitis associated with seroconversion to SFV acquired in Israel. We further try to postulate about the infecting strain of the SFV, its local phlebotomine vector, and the reasons for the emergence of this infection in Israel.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Most cases (80%) of diagnosed TOSV infections present as aseptic meningitis rather than encephalitis [28], but severe cases of meningoencephalitis have been reported [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The disease is rarely lethal [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Cohen¹,

Frida²,

Shimoni³

et al. 2017

J Neuroinfect Dis

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“…It is impossible to distinguish aseptic meningitis due to TOSV from meningitis due to other pathogens on the basis of clinical manifestations. Few severe cases have been reported in the literature: they consist of pure encephalitis or meningo-encephalitis [13][14][15][16][17] . Scarce information is available on other clinical forms, which consist mainly in peripheral neurological disorders mostly reported as single case reports [18] .…”

Section: Disease In Humans and Tosvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Toscana virus in the mediterranean area

Charrel

Bichaud²,

Lamballerie³

2012

WJV

103

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Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus, identified in 1971, from Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi in central Italy. TOSV belongs to the Phlebovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family.As other bunyaviruses, the genome of TOSV consists of 3 segments (S for small, M for Medium, and L for Large) respectively encoding non structural and capsid proteins, envelope structural proteins, and the viral RNA-dependant RNA-polymerase. It is transmitted by sand flies. Therefore its distribution is dictated by that of the arthropod vectors, and virus circulation peaks during summertime when sandfly populations are active. Here, we reviewed the epidemiology of TOSV in the old world. First evidence of its pathogenicity for humans, specifically its propensity to cause central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, was reported in central Italy. After 2000, it was recognized that TOSV had a much larger geographic distribution than initially believed, and was present in most of the Western European countries located on the northern border of the Mediterranean Sea (Portugal, Spain, France, Greece, Croatia) as well as eastern countries such as Cyprus and Turkey. In the countries where TOSV is present, it is among the three most prevalent viruses in meningitis during the warm seasons, together with enteroviruses and herpesviruses. Up to now, epidemiological data concerning Northern Africa and other countries located south of the Mediterranean are scarce. TOSV must be considered an emerging pathogen. Despite the important role played by TOSV in CNS infections, it remains a neglected agent and is rarely considered by physicians in diagnostic algorithms of CNS infections and febrile illness during the warm season, probably because of the lack of information.

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“…2 Another phlebovirus, Toscana virus (TOSV), can cause meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis in humans. [3][4][5][6][7] Human TOSV infection is reported in France, Portugal, Spain, and Italy. [8][9][10][11] TOSV belongs to the Naples serocomplex that also includes Sandfly Fever Naples virus (SFNV), the cause of a self-limited febrile condition known as phlebotomus, papatacci, or sandfly fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granada Virus: a Natural Phlebovirus Reassortant of the Sandfly Fever Naples Serocomplex with Low Seroprevalence in Humans

Collao

Palacios²,

Ory³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A new member of the phlebovirus genus, tentatively named Granada virus, was detected in sandflies collected in Spain. By showing the presence of specific neutralizing antibodies in human serum collected in Granada, we show that Granada virus infects humans. The analysis of the complete genome of Granada virus revealed that this agent is likely to be a natural reassortant of the recently described Massilia virus (donor of the long and short segments) with a yet unidentified phlebovirus (donor of the medium segment).

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Encephalitis without Meningitis Due to Sandfly Fever Virus Serotype Toscana

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Emergence of Toscana virus in the mediterranean area

Granada Virus: a Natural Phlebovirus Reassortant of the Sandfly Fever Naples Serocomplex with Low Seroprevalence in Humans

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