Encystment and Excystment in Ciliated Protists:Multidimensional Approach

Kaur, Harpreet; Iqbal, Sara; Inga, E.; Yawe, Dorcas

doi:10.18520/cs/v117/i2/198-203

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Ciliated protozoa are a diverse group of eukaryotes that are commonly found in different ecosystems in Earth’s biosphere 1 . They are found at various trophic levels of the food chain, which makes them important for the proper functioning of the ecosystem 2 . In addition, ciliates are single-celled organisms with highly specialized cell structures as well as a dual nature as “cells” and “animals”, which make them important models in many biological research fields, such as cytology, genetics, developmental biology and evolutionary biology 1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals the encystment-related lncRNA expression profile and coexpressed mRNAs in Pseudourostyla cristata

Pan

Bhatti

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Ciliated protozoans form dormant cysts for survival under adverse conditions. The molecular mechanisms regulating this process are critical for understanding how single-celled eukaryotes adapt to the environment. Despite the accumulated data on morphology and gene coding sequences, the molecular mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate ciliate encystment remains unknown. Here, we first detected and analyzed the lncRNA expression profile and coexpressed mRNAs in dormant cysts versus vegetative cells in the hypotrich ciliate Pseudourostyla cristata by high-throughput sequencing and qRT-PCR. A total of 853 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. Compared to vegetative cells, 439 and 414 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, while 47 lncRNAs were specifically expressed in dormant cysts. A lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network was constructed, and the possible roles of lncRNAs were screened. Three of the identified lncRNAs, DN12058, DN20924 and DN30855, were found to play roles in fostering encystment via their coexpressed mRNAs. These lncRNAs can regulate a variety of physiological activities that are essential for encystment, including autophagy, protein degradation, the intracellular calcium concentration, microtubule-associated dynein and microtubule interactions, and cell proliferation inhibition. These findings provide the first insight into the potentially functional lncRNAs and their coexpressed mRNAs involved in the dormancy of ciliated protozoa and contribute new evidence for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating encystment.

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals the encystment-related lncRNA expression profile and coexpressed mRNAs in Pseudourostyla cristata

Pan

Bhatti

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The problem is compounded when considering identification of the parasite in an environmental sample, as trophozoites and resting cysts of other ciliates could be concomitantly present. Despite the increasing number of publications on the morphology and physiology of ciliate cysts ( Benčaťová and Tirjaková, 2017 ; Gutiérrez et al, 2001 ; Kaur et al, 2019 ; Verni and Rosati, 2011 ), the available data are comparatively insignificant respect to the estimated number of ciliate species ( Chao et al, 2006 ) and the cyst morphology of most of them remains unknown ( Kaur et al, 2019 ). The resting cysts of some free-living ciliates might resemble those of B. coli/Buxtonella sp.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyst detection and viability assessment of Balantioides coli in environmental samples: Current status and future needs

García-Rodríguez

Köster

Ponce-Gordo

2022

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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The ciliate Balantioides coli is a human enteric parasite that can cause life-threatening infections. It is a food- and waterborne parasite, with cysts being the infective stage. Despite its importance as a potential pathogen, few reports have investigated its presence in environmental samples, and some issues need attention including i) The accuracy of B. coli identification. In most cases, the protozoa is identified only by its morphological traits, which can be identical to those from other parasitic ciliates of animals. Genetic analysis of cysts recovered from environmental samples is necessary for species confirmation. In addition, genetic methods used with faecal samples need to be adequately validated with environmental matrices. ii) The methodology for searching this parasite in environmental samples. The protocols include an initial phase to isolate the cysts from the matrix followed by a second phase in which concentration procedures are usually applied. The methods may be valid but are not standardised and differences between studies could affect the results obtained. iii) The areas that needs further research. The development of genetic identification methods and standardised analytical protocols in environmental samples are required, as well as the assessment of viability and infectivity of B. coli cysts. The development of axenic culture systems will boost research on this parasite.

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“…This may translate in a good fossilization potential, so unraveling their fossil record potentially improves the understanding of ciliate evolutionary history and fossil marine ecosystems. Unfortunately, although their fundamental role in ciliate biology has been stressed, ciliate resting cysts remain understudied (Reid and John 1983;Kaur et al 2019). While cyst stages have been studied more intensely for ciliates living in soils and freshwater, the picture is less clear for marine species (Corliss and Esser 1974;Belmonte and Rubino 2019), except for species referred to as "tintinnids", i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ciliophoran affinity of Radiosperma textum, and its relation to other marine ciliate cysts

Gurdebeke

Mertens

Rajter

et al. 2023

Marine Micropaleontology

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Encystment and Excystment in Ciliated Protists:Multidimensional Approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Transcriptome analysis reveals the encystment-related lncRNA expression profile and coexpressed mRNAs in Pseudourostyla cristata

Transcriptome analysis reveals the encystment-related lncRNA expression profile and coexpressed mRNAs in Pseudourostyla cristata

Cyst detection and viability assessment of Balantioides coli in environmental samples: Current status and future needs

The ciliophoran affinity of Radiosperma textum, and its relation to other marine ciliate cysts

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