End-User Development of Experience Sampling Smartphone Apps -Recommendations and Requirements

Abstract

Professional programmers are significantly outnumbered by end-users of software, making it problematic to predict the diverse, dynamic needs of these users in advance. An end-user development (EUD) approach, supporting the creation and modification of software independent of professional developers, is one potential solution. EUD activities are applicable to the work practices of psychology researchers and clinicians, who increasingly rely on software for assessment of participants and patients, but must also depend on developers to realise their requirements. In practice, however, the adoption of EUD technology by these two end-user groups is contingent on various contextual factors that are not well understood. In this paper, we therefore establish recommendations for the design of EUD tools allowing non-programmers to develop apps to collect data from participants in their everyday lives, known as "experience sampling" apps. We first present interviews conducted with psychology researchers and practising clinicians on their current working practices and motivation to adopt EUD tools. We then describe our observation of a chronic disease management clinic. Finally, we describe three case studies of psychology researchers using our EUD tool Jeeves to undertake experience sampling studies, and synthesise recommendations and requirements for tools allowing the EUD of experience sampling apps. CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Smartphones; Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods; User centered design; Field studies; • Software and its engineering → Visual languages; • Applied computing → Consumer health; Psychology.

Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method and System for Planning, Authoring, and Deploying Mobile Health Interventions: Design and Case Reports

“…Rough and Quigley [ 36 ] present recommendations and requirements for ESM authoring systems. They conducted interviews with 13 researchers and clinicians, 2 one-hour clinical observations, and 3 case studies with psychology researchers.…”

“…In a complementary approach, if professionals were able to create their own apps [ 36 ], they could focus on the methodological processes of their work. While the ESM methods offer important guidance, current systems [ 31 - 33 ] do not expose their design at a level that promotes replicating, specializing, or extending their contributions as demanded in many areas.…”

DRAFT-What you always wanted to know but could not find about block-based environments

“…Rough and Quigley [127] present a perspective of end-user development (EUD) for creating and customizing software by end-users, as end-users outnumbered professional programmers. As a result of their work, they propose some design recommendations to support EUD activities, particularly the creation of software that allows novice users to create apps that collect data (e.g., experience sampling).…”

“…Jeeves [127] -Support end-users to develop applications. TAPAS [155] -Create workflow applications (e.g., IFTTT [66]).…”

Scientific Publication Patterns of Interactive Mobile Technologies for Psychological, Social, Medical and Business Interventions for Mental and Physical Health: Bibliometric Analysis

“…Dormannetal. [36]statedthatthegame-basedtrainingincreasedknowledgeand improvedself-efficacyamongprofessionalsinvectorcontrol.RoughandQuingley [37] presented recommendations for the design of end-user development tools allowing non-programmerstodevelop"experiencesampling"apps.AStudybyMerhietal. [38] evaluated the role of age and gender in consumer intentions and uptakes of mobile banking services.…”