Endocan-expressing microvessel density as a prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer

Chang, Yuan; Niu, Wei; Lian, Peilong; Wang, Xian-Qiang; Meng, Zhaohai; Liu, Yi; Zhao, Rui

doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5422

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Endocan was shown to act both as a target and modulator of VEGF signalling, as shown by reduced vascular outgrowth and VEGF signaling in the retina of Esm1 knock-out mice [25]. In recent years, endocan has been investigated as a marker of neoangiogenesis [47], and its overexpression, especially within the endothelial cells of tumour vessels, as well as higher circulating endocan levels, have been associated with poor prognosis in malignant tumours, such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [21][22][23]48]. According to previous reports, the expression of endocan in PitNETs was found to be associated with invasion of the cavernous sinus [11,12] and higher risk of recurrence [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endocan is an endothelium-derived proteoglycan involved in cell adhesion and neoangiogenesis. Although endocan is also expressed in normal tissues [20], the expression of endocan and its circulating levels are positively associated with a worse prognosis and poor survival in various cancers [21][22][23]. Interestingly, endocan has been shown to enhance the adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells [24], and Esm1 knock-out mice show decreased vascular permeability and leucocyte extravasation [25], suggesting that endocan expression in endothelial tumour cells could potentially facilitate the trafficking of immune cells to the tumour microenvironment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Iacovazzo

Chiloiro

Carlsen³

et al. 2019

Endocrine

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Introduction Somatotroph pituitary tumours are often resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues and can invade the surrounding structures, limiting the chances of curative surgery. Recent studies suggested that the immune microenvironment and pro-angiogenic factors can influence neuroendocrine tumour prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of immune cell-specific markers and endocan, a proteoglycan involved in neoangiogenesis and cell adhesion, in a cohort of acromegaly patients who underwent pituitary surgery as first-line treatment. Subjects and methods Sixty four eligible subjects were identified. CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells and endocan expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and results correlated with clinical and neuroradiological findings. Responsiveness to somatostatin analogues was assessed in patients with persistent disease following surgery. Results The number of CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in tumours with cavernous sinus invasion (median 0.2/ HPF, IQR: 2.2) compared with those without cavernous sinus invasion (median 2.4/HPF, IQR: 2.3; P = 0.04). Tumours resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues had lower CD8+ lymphocytes (median 1/HPF, IQR: 2.4) compared with responders (median 2.4/HPF, IQR: 2.9; P = 0.005). CD4+ lymphocytes were observed sporadically. The number of CD68+ macrophages and the endothelial or tumour cell endocan expression did not differ based on tumour size, cavernous sinus invasion or treatment responsiveness. Conclusions Our study suggests that a lower number of CD8+ lymphocytes is associated with cavernous sinus invasion and resistance to treatment with first-generation somatostatin analogues in acromegaly patients. These results highlight a potential role of the tumour immune microenvironment in determining the prognosis of somatotroph pituitary tumours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Iacovazzo

Chiloiro

Carlsen³

et al. 2019

Endocrine

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“…It is not accompanied by an effective immunological response. The contemporary process of neo-lymphoangiogenesis represents a direct consequence [22][23][24][25]. We hope that in a near future, the classification and staging of each gastric tumor case will include its immunological characterization, a complete study of its lymphatic apparatus, and of the immune response [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep inside of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

Roncati¹,

Manenti²,

Barbolini³

et al. 2018

neo

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The histology of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC) of the stomach has been revisited with the support of current immuno- histochemical techniques in order to explain particular features of this tumor; its great capacity of local diffusion and lymph node metastasis, also through a neo-lymphoangiogenesis. An observational retrospective study on 50 cases of SRC in stage II and III has been performed with the addition of histochemical (Alcian Blue, DDD-Fast Blue B, Mercury Orange) and immunohistochemical (cytocheratin, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD56, CD68, perforin, granzyme B, podoplanin, collagen type IV) investigations for each case. The signet ring cells, typical for this tumor, show abundant content of electro-negative sialomucins and demonstrate a great capacity of diffusion through the gastric wall. They evoke production and deposition of collagen type IV in the sub-mucosa layer through the local action of fibroblasts. The immunological response to this tumor in the gastric wall and in the metastatic lymph nodes is represented by an increase of B and T-helper lymphocytes, but not of T-killers or natural killers. The neoplastic cells are curiously able to avoid these newly formed 'lymph nodules'. An extended neo-lymphangiogenesis has been observed around the primary tumor and in metastatic lymph nodes. A careful immunohistochemical characterization has allowed a better knowledge of SRC, regarding especially the peculiar behavior of local diffusion of its cells, the associated neo-lymph angiogenesis, and poor immunological reaction.

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“…Thus, ESM-1 plays a role in angiogenesis and inflammation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that ESM-1 can be used as a potential biomarker for detection in gastric cancer 36 , bladder cancer 37 , colorectal cancer 28 , hepatocellular carcinoma 38 , pituitary adenoma 39 , ovarian cancer 40 , breast cancer 41 , and acute leukemia 20 , but ESM-1 has not been investigated in OSCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Levels of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 as a Potential Biomarker of Oral Cancer Progression

et al. 2017

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In Taiwan, oral cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the most common malignancy with a poor prognosis. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is secreted by vascular endothelial cells in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. ESM-1 expression is associated with tumor prognosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis in many cancers. However, few studies have examined the association of plasma ESM-1 levels with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. We measured the plasma ESM-1 levels of 438 male OSCC patients through a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was also used to analyze the ESM-1 levels in 328 OSCC patients and 33 normal tissues. Our results revealed that the plasma levels of ESM-1 in OSCC patients were significantly associated with the tumor (T) status but not with the lymph node status, metastasis, and cell differentiation. TCGA bioinformatics database analysis revealed that ESM-1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC patients than in normal individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, the examination revealed similar results for the ESM-1 expression levels and pathological stage in OSCC. In conclusion, plasma ESM-1 is a novel biomarker for predicting the T status in OSCC patients.

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Endocan-expressing microvessel density as a prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer

Abstract: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Deep inside of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

Plasma Levels of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 as a Potential Biomarker of Oral Cancer Progression

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