Endocrine disruption in crustaceans due to pollutants: A review

Effects of chlordecone on 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration and chitobiase activity in a decapod crustacean, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…Indeed, although Snyder (1998) reported, in the lobster H. americanus, that although an increase in 20-HE concentration can induce the expression of cytochrome P450-dependent detoxifying enzymes (CYP45), an upregulation of the expression of this enzyme in larvae of H. americanus exposed to heptachlor (organochlorine pesticide) occurred together with a decrease of the 20-HE concentration. In the present study, the major absence of modification of the chitobiase activity, while a decrease of the 20-HE concentration was observed, could be explained by a direct effect of CLD on chitobiase activity through other receptors as hypothesized by Rodríguez et al (2007). Indeed, it could be hypothesized that the inhibition of the chitobiase activity due to the decrease of the 20-HE concentration could be offset by an induction of the chitobiase activity through a direct effect of CLD.…”

“…The 20-HE decrease observed here could also be explained by a modification of the excretion rate of the hormone or an inactivation of the enzyme involved in the ecdysteroid biotransformation. Because of the fact that CLD impacts the 20-HE concentration, it could therefore in the long-term disturb the molting of organisms which is induced by this hormone (Hyne, 2011;Rodríguez et al, 2007). This hypothesis is supported by the studies of Hirano et al (2009) which have shown that low 20-HE concentration in the shrimp Americamysis bahia exposed to nonylphenol (also known to be an inhibitor of ecdysteroid activity) affected the growth of organisms.…”

“…The 20-HE disruption corroborates the hypothesis that CLD could be endocrine disruptor in invertebrates as already observed in vertebrates. Indeed, several previous studies have demonstrated that CLD could be an endocrine disruptor in vertebrates such as fish (Ankley et al, 1998;Donohoe and Curtis, 1996;Nimrod and Benson, 1997;Sumpter and Jobling, 1995), birds and mammals (Eroschenko, 1981), by having estrogenic properties through interaction with the estrogen-receptor system (Donohoe and Curtis, 1996;Hammond et al, 1979;Rodríguez et al, 2007). In crustaceans, various estrogenic compounds and estrogen receptor agonists (e.g.…”

“…In crustaceans, various estrogenic compounds and estrogen receptor agonists (e.g. bisphenol A; nonylphenol) have been shown to act as ecdysteroid synthesis inhibitors or ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) antagonists (LeBlanc, 2007), leading to a possible decrease of ecdysteroid concentrations (Forget-Leray et al, 2005;LeBlanc, 2007;Rodríguez et al, 2007). Thus, it could be hypothesized that CLD decreased the 20-HE concentration by binding directly to ecdysteroid receptor, as a consequence of its anti-ecdysteroidal activity (Zou and Fingerman, 1999d;Zou, 2005).…”

“…Thus, it could be hypothesized that CLD decreased the 20-HE concentration by binding directly to ecdysteroid receptor, as a consequence of its anti-ecdysteroidal activity (Zou and Fingerman, 1999d;Zou, 2005). However, as other EDCs, CLD can also interfere the endocrine system indirectly by several mechanisms, at any step of the transduction pathway of the hormones (Hyne, 2011;Rodríguez et al, 2007). The 20-HE decrease observed here could also be explained by a modification of the excretion rate of the hormone or an inactivation of the enzyme involved in the ecdysteroid biotransformation.…”