Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina in children: A report of two cases

Abstract

Malignant tumors of the vagina in infants and children are rare, with primary germ cell tumor (endodermal sinus tumor [EST]) being rarer, which carries a dismal prognosis. This tumor is often clinically mistaken as botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma and, on histopathological examination, is often misdiagnosed as clear cell adenocarcinoma. Two cases of EST of the vagina in infants aged 9 and 17 months are reported. Both the patients presented with bleeding per vagina and clinically and by ultrasonography were diagnosed as sarcoma botryoides. Both were diagnosed as primary yolk sac tumors. The serum alfa fetoprotein (AFP) level was 4325 and 9328 ng/ml, respectively. One patient aged 9 months expired 2 months after receiving chemotherapy. The other, aged 17 months, was given chemotherapy followed by surgery with reduction of the AFP levels.

Primary yolk sac tumor of cervix and vagina in an adult female: A rare case report

“…[1] We present a rare case of extragonadal yolk sac tumor arising in the cervicovaginal region of a 27-year-old female. The vagina is an extremely rare site for primary germ cell tumors.…”

“…[1] The clinical presentation includes a history of bloody vaginal discharge, often accompanied by a polypoid mass protruding from the vagina. [1] The clinical presentation includes a history of bloody vaginal discharge, often accompanied by a polypoid mass protruding from the vagina.…”

Pediatric Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor

“…As they had been documented mostly as isolated reports or small series of 1 to 2 cases, outcomes and treatment strategy in this population remain unclear. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Biological disease heterogeneity, implied from the observation that not all patients respond to consistent treatment strategies, is poorly understood. Multimodal therapy was used with varying results.…”

“…Historically, radical surgery, with or without irradiation, has cured some patients but sexual function was compromised. 1,3,7,8,11,13 Chemotherapy, introduced much later, now underpins all treatment approaches. Cures have been reported even with the use of chemotherapy alone.…”