Endodontic Microflora- A Review

Suresh, B S; Shailaja, S.

doi:10.5005/johcd-8-3-160

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Some studies however found obligate anaerobes to be predominant. 4,7,8 The discrepancy in our study might be due to the difference in sample collection. Immediate processing at the chair side and an anaerobic jar were used in this study instead of an anaerobic chamber as used in some of the other studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Microbial profile of root canals of pulpally infected teeth in Ghanaians

Konadu¹,

Nyako²,

Ampofo³

et al. 2021

J Oral Res

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Introduction: Pulpal and periapical infections are initiated by microorganisms when they gain access to the dental pulp. The success of root canal treatment principally depends on the eradication of the micro-organisms in the root canal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viable microbial profile of root canals with various stages of infection in Ghanaians. Material and Methods: Forty-four consecutive patients with sixty teeth referred to the Restorative Dentistry Clinic requiring root canal treatment were recruited. Root canal samples were collected from the teeth with sterile paper points. The samples were processed and subjected to microbial analysis and identification using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Results: A total of 259 isolates were recovered from the 60 infected root canals, belonging to twenty different microbial genera. Out of the 259 microbial species isolated, only two were Candida albicans, a fungi; 257 (99.2%) were bacterial isolates belonging to 19 genera. The 19 genera encompassed 53 bacterial species, out of which 26 (49.1%) were identified as facultative anaerobes, 15 (28.3 %.) as obligate anaerobes and 12 (22.6%) were aerobes. Streptococcus species (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus constellatus) were the most predominant isolates, followed by Prevotella sp, Actinomyces sp, Enterococcus faecalis and Rothia sp respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that infected root canals are polymicrobial in nature. The determination of the microbial profile aids in understanding the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular infections and helps in choosing effective antimicrobial irrigation and medicament for root canal treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Microbial profile of root canals of pulpally infected teeth in Ghanaians

Konadu¹,

Nyako²,

Ampofo³

et al. 2021

J Oral Res

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“…Thus, it is paramount to eliminate these bacteria from the tooth root canals. 14 In some of the previous studies, 25,26,37,38 E. faecalis was consistently isolated from the teeth with chronic periapical infections or treatment failures due to reinfections. Among the samples chosen for this study, 17% showed the presence of E. faecalis irrespective of the diagnosed pulpal pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It constitutes a very little proportion of the bacterial species isolated from the root canals of human teeth. 14,15 Cogulu et al found only18% E. faecalis from 45 necrotic primary teeth using both the culture and polymerase chain reaction method. Moreover, ex vivo and clinical trials have shown that mechanical instrumentation leaves considerable portions of the root canal walls uninstrumented or untouched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals – An In Vivo Study

Walia¹,

Goswami²,

Mishra³

et al. 2019

J Lasers Med Sci

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Please cite this article as follows: Walia V, Goswami M, Mishra S, Walia N, Sahay D. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, the diode laser and saline in reducing the microbial count in primary teeth root canals -an in vivo study. Abstract Introduction:One of the primary goals of pulpectomy is to decrease the sum total of microorganisms and disinfect the tooth root canal system. To achieve this, mechanical preparation, irrigation, disinfection and obturation of the root canal is necessary. The present study was set out to evaluate the difference in the antibacterial efficacy of primary teeth root canals either irrigated with chlorhexidine, saline, and sodium hypochlorite or irradiated with a soft tissue diode laser (980 nm, Photon Plus, Zolar Tech & Mfg Co. Inc, Ontario, Canada). Methods: Sixty primary teeth of children requiring pulpectomy were divided into 4 groups of 15 each, group 1 (2% chlorhexidine), group 2 (1% sodium hypochlorite), group 3 (laser irradiation) and group 4 (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the canals and the samples were collected using sterile absorbent paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and saline or were irradiated with the laser. The samples were obtained again and sent for microbiological examination. Results: The colony-forming unit (CFU) counts from pre-disinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean bacterial colony counts of all the isolated bacteria reduced after irrigation or irradiation. Intergroup comparisons showed no significant difference when groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared to each other (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was seen when groups 1, 2, 3 were compared to group 4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and laser irradiation succeeded in reducing the root canal infection. Hence, diode laser irradiation may be a possible supplement to existing protocols for disinfecting the root canal system.

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“…However, anaerobic bacteria, Tissierella sp, Fusobacterium sp, and facultative anaerobes, Lactobacillus murinus and Escherichia coli strai were identi ed in the root canals of model A. These bacteria are frequently detected from permanent teeth with the primary root canal infection [24][25]. While not only facultative anaerobes, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Tessaracoccus massiliensis, but also obligate anaerobes, Poryphyromonous sp, Prevotella sp, Tannerella forsythia, Macrococcus carouselius were identi ed, showing distinct bacterial ora.…”

Section: Apical Periodontitis Models With Moderate and Severe Infecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periapical Bacterial Disinfection is Critical for Dental Pulp Regenerative Cell Therapy in Apical Periodontitis in Dogs

Iohara,

Tominaga,

Watanabe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Application of pulp regenerative cell therapy for mature teeth with periapical lesions is a critical clinical challenge. The bacterial infection in inaccessible location within the root canal system and in the periapical lesions could cause resistance and impediment, leading to limitations in successful therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of residual bacteria on the outcome of pulp regeneration in mature teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs. Methods Periapical lesions were induced in 32 root canals of 4 dogs in two different models in severities, model A and model B. Model A (moderate infection): the canal exposed to the oral cavity for 2 weeks and then closed for 2 weeks. Model B (severe infection): the canal exposed to the oral cavity for 2 months and then closed for a few months. All root canals were irrigated with 6% sodium hypochlorite, and 3% EDTA and further with 0.015% levofloxacin containing nanobubbles, which was also used as an intracanal medicament. The aseptic conditions were examined by bacterial anaerobic culture and/or PCR analyses. The root canal treatment was repeated several times, and allogeneic dental pulp stem cells were transplanted into the root canals. The radiographic evaluation of periapical lesions was performed by cone-beam computed tomography before the first treatment, just after cell transplantation, and after 2 months and 6 months in both model A, model B, respectively. The animals were then sacrificed and the jaw blocks were harvested for histological and histobacteriological evaluations of pulp regeneration and periapical tissue healing. Furthermore, the DiI-labelled DPSCs were transplanted into the root canals after complete disinfection (n = 4) or without root canal treatment (n = 4) in the apical periodontitis model (model A) in one dog, and cell localization was compared 72 h after transplantation. Results In 8 out of 12 canals from model A, and 10 out of 15 canals from model B, pulp regeneration with good vascularization, innervation, and a significant reduction in the radiolucent area of the periapical lesions were observed. However, in the other 4 canals and 5 canals from model A and model B, respectively, no pulp tissue was regenerated, and inflammation in the periapical tissue, and external resorption or healed external resorption were detected. The presence of residual bacteria in the periapical tissues and severe inflammation were significantly associated with inhibition of regenerated pulp tissue in these 9 unsuccessful canals (P < 0.05, each) (OR = 0.075, each) analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. For cellular kinetics, transplanted cells remained in the disinfected root canals, while they were not detected in the infected root canals, suggesting their migration through the apical foramen under the influence of inflammation. Conclusions For successful pulp regeneration in apical periodontitis, it is essential to completely disinfect the periapical tissue, suppress inflammation, and allow the transplanted cells to remain in the root canal and promote regeneration in the mature teeth.

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Endodontic Microflora- A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Microbial profile of root canals of pulpally infected teeth in Ghanaians

Microbial profile of root canals of pulpally infected teeth in Ghanaians

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals – An In Vivo Study

Periapical Bacterial Disinfection is Critical for Dental Pulp Regenerative Cell Therapy in Apical Periodontitis in Dogs

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