Endofungal bacteria boost anthelminthic host protection with the biosurfactant symbiosin

Büttner, Hannah; Pidot, Sacha J.; Scherlach, Kirstin; Hertweck, Christian

doi:10.1039/d2sc04167g

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…That this fungal group is enriched after keratin-rich amendment is due to its ability to degrade complex compounds therefore suggests itself. Interestingly, it has been shown recently that Mortierella species harbor bacterial endophytes of the Burkholderiaceae family (Takashima et al, 2018), some of which even protect the fungal host from nematode attack by the production of a biosurfactant (symbiosin) with antibiotic properties (Büttner et al, 2021;Büttner et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 1, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10. 1101/2023.05.31.543058 doi: bioRxiv preprint et al, 2006Termorshuizen et al, 2006;Tuitert et al, 1998) and cellulose-containing products (Clocchiatti et al, 2021;Kundu & Nandi, 1985) have been studied extensively, but effects were often unpredictable. Against R. solani particularly, the addition of chitin-and keratin-rich products have been shown to decrease disease (Andreo-Jimenez et al, 2021;Postma & Schilder, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rhizoctonia solanidisease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities

Russ

Andreo-Jiménez

Nijhuis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Promoting soil suppressiveness against soil borne pathogens could be a promising strategy to manage crop diseases. One way to increase pathogen suppression would be the addition of soil organic amendments, however the mechanism behind this effect remains unexplored. The presented study will focus on Rhizoctonia solani disease in sugar beet grown in two different soils. We aim to find how microbial communities and their molecular functions can be linked to Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression in sugar beet seedlings after soil is amended with a keratin-rich side stream from the farming industry. Amended soil samples were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics sequencing, and the disease score of plants infected with Rhizoctonia and grown in the same soil was collected. Results showed that both keratin-rich amended soils were rich in bacteria from the Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Boseaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, Rhodanobacteraceae and Steroidobacteraceae, as well as taxa from the phylum Bdellovibrionota, containing obligate predatory bacteria. The only fungal group that increased significantly was the Mortierellaceae family. Keratinases were abundant in the keratin-rich amended samples. Pfam domain enrichment analysis showed a decline in domains that could be annotated in both keratin-rich amended soils (Lisse ~18% and Vredepeel ~30%), showing an increase in unknown proteins. Among proteins that were enriched were those potentially involved in the production of secondary metabolites/antibiotics, proteins involved in motility, keratin-degradation, and contractile secretion system proteins (mostly type VI secretion system). These results could show that keratin-rich soil amendments can support the transformation into a disease suppressive soil by stimulating the same taxa that have been found in other disease suppressive soils. We hypothesize that these taxa are responsible for the suppression effect due to their genomic potential to produce antibiotics, secrete effectors via the contractile secretion system, and degrade oxalate, which is considered a virulence factor of R. solani, while simultaneously possessing the ability to metabolize keratin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizoctonia solanidisease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities

Russ

Andreo-Jiménez

Nijhuis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The symbiotic relationship between EFBs and host fungi involves mutualistic benefits and occasional antagonism ( Lastovetsky et al, 2020 ; Venkatesh et al, 2022 ), impacting asexual and sexual reproduction of the host fungi ( Partida-Martinez et al, 2007c ; Mondo et al, 2017 ). This symbiosis extends to form a tripartite interaction with plants or animals, contributing to plant or animal health and performance ( Desirò et al, 2015 ; Guo and Narisawa, 2018 ; Büttner et al, 2023 ; Cappelli et al, 2023 ). The EFB-fungi interaction has gained attention due to its relevance to agriculture and industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and characterizing new endofungal bacteria in new hosts: Pandoraea sputorum and Mycetohabitans endofungorum in Rhizopus arrhizus

Liu,

Zhao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The fungus Rhizopus arrhizus (=R. oryzae) is commonly saprotrophic, exhibiting a nature of decomposing organic matter. Additionally, it serves as a crucial starter in food fermentation and can act as a pathogen causing mucormycosis in humans and animals. In this study, two distinct endofungal bacteria (EFBs), associated with individual strains of R. arrhizus, were identified using live/dead staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The roles of these bacteria were elucidated through antibiotic treatment, pure cultivation, and comparative genomics. The bacterial endosymbionts, Pandoraea sputorum EFB03792 and Mycetohabitans endofungorum EFB03829, were purified from the host fungal strains R. arrhizus XY03792 and XY03829, respectively. Notably, this study marks the first report of Pandoraea as an EFB genus. Compared to its free-living counterparts, P. sputorum EFB03792 exhibited 28 specific virulence factor-related genes, six specific CE10 family genes, and 74 genes associated with type III secretion system (T3SS), emphasizing its pivotal role in invasion and colonization. Furthermore, this study introduces R. arrhizus as a new host for EFB M. endofungorum, with EFB contributing to host sporulation. Despite a visibly reduced genome, M. endofungorum EFB03829 displayed a substantial number of virulence factor-related genes, CE10 family genes, T3SS genes, mobile elements, and significant gene rearrangement. While EFBs have been previously identified in R. arrhizus, their toxin-producing potential in food fermentation has not been explored until this study. The discovery of these two new EFBs highlights their potential for toxin production within R. arrhizus, laying the groundwork for identifying suitable R. arrhizus strains for fermentation processes.

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“…2,[4][5][6] Pseudomonas spp., for instance, have been reported to produce the cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) massetolide and viscosin to resist grazing from the soil-dwelling amoeba Naegleria americana; 7 whilst the endosymbiont Candidatus Mycoavidus necroximicus protects its fungal host from the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchus avenae by the biosynthesis of anthelmintic benzolactones and a synergistically acting lipodepsipeptide. 8,9 Besides grazing evasion, lipopeptides also play an important role in rhizosphere ecology, as many peptides have been found in either phytopathogenic or plant benecial pseudomonads. 10,11 One of the best studied CLPs is syringomycin, a chlorinated lipopeptide isolated from the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonribosomal peptides protect Pseudomonas nunensis 4A2e from amoebal and nematodal predation

Pflanze,

Mukherji,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

Chem. Sci.

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Endofungal bacteria boost anthelminthic host protection with the biosurfactant symbiosin

Abstract: Effective protection of soil fungi from predators is crucial for their survival in the niche. Thus, fungi have developed efficient defence strategies. We discovered that soil beneficial Mortierella fungi employ...

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Rhizoctonia solanidisease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities

Rhizoctonia solanidisease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities

Detecting and characterizing new endofungal bacteria in new hosts: Pandoraea sputorum and Mycetohabitans endofungorum in Rhizopus arrhizus

Nonribosomal peptides protect Pseudomonas nunensis 4A2e from amoebal and nematodal predation

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