Endogenous cytokinins dynamics during development of sporophytes of perennial ferns Dryopteris filix-mas and Polystichum aculeatum (Dryopteridaceae)

Abstract

The qualitative composition and dynamics of cytokinins in the fronds and rhizomes of perennial ferns Dryopteris filix-mas and Polystichum aculeatum have been investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Sporophytes were studied at the stages of intensive vegetative growth (April), formation of sporangia (May) and sporulation (June). Plants of P. aculeatum were also analyzed at the stage of winter vegetation (February). The accumulation of trans-zeatin in fronds of P. aculeatum was revealed at the intensive growth stage, whereas in D. filixmas, the increase in this cytokinin content was observed during the formation of sporangia. The level of zeatin riboside increased in fronds and rhizomes of both fern species at the stage of sporulation. The cessation of the ferns intensive growth involved the accumulation of conjugate-zeatin-O-glucoside. At certain stages of sporophyte development, isopentenyl-type cytokinins were detected: in D. filix-mas, low levels of isopentenyladenine-during sporulation, and in P. aculeatum, quite significant amounts of isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladenine-in fronds at the stage of intensive growth and in rhizomes-during sporangia formation. In P. aculeatum fronds, active free cytokinins-zeatin and zeatin riboside-were accumulated during the winter vegetation indicating that they were involved in the maintenance of the plant photosynthetic activity under unfavorable conditions. The root system of both fern species was characterized by a lower level of cytokinins as compared to the aerial part. The dynamics of the spectrum and content of cytokinins in the fern organs was species-specific and indirectly testified to the involvement of these phytohormones in growth and development control. The features of differences and similarities of the regulatory role of cytokinins in ferns and seed plants are discussed.

Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

“…The levels of IAA, Z, ZR, iPR, the gibberellin GA 4 , the brassinosteoid castasterone and ABA were higher in sexual cordate gametophytes than in the apogamous cordate ones. The primary role of zeatin riboside in reproductive processes has been stated in ferns (Abul et al, 2010 ; Vedenecheva and Sytnik, 2013 ; Vedenicheva and Kosakivska, 2016 , 2018 ). In the last case, zeatin and seatin riboside levels increased in the sporophyte of the fern D. filix-mas when sporulation happens, while zeatin and zeatin riboside content became higher during intensive vegetative growth in P. acculeatum .…”

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“…У наших попередніх роботах повідомлялося про характер акумуляції й розподілу гіберелової (ГК 3 ), індоліл-3-оцтевої (ІОК) кислоти та АБК, а також склад і динаміку цитокінінів в органах спорофіта Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott на різних фенологічних фазах розвитку. Встановлені закономірності кількісних і якісних змін засвідчили спрямованість фізіологічної дії проаналізованих класів фітогормонів на регулювання процесів диференціації та морфогенезу спорофіта Vedenicheva, Kosakivska, 2018). Нами також було проаналізовано вплив екзогенних цитокінінів на морфогенез гаметофіта D. filix-mas у культурі in vitro.…”