Endogenous Hormones and Biochemical Changes during Flower Development and Florescence in the Buds and Leaves of Lycium ruthenicum Murr

Guo, Youyan; An, Lizhe; Yu, Hongyuan; Yang, Miaomiao

doi:10.3390/f13050763

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…ZR is involved in flower organ morphogenesis and promotes cell division and growth. In Lycium barbarum , high levels of ZR promoted flower bud differentiation [ 31 ]. In apples, high levels of ABA and IAA favored the induction of flower formation and floral organ primordial differentiation [ 32 ], but high levels of GA3 were detrimental to floral bud differentiation [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring Stripping, Ring Cutting, and Growth Regulators Promote Phase Change and Early Flowering in Pear Seedlings

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Hybrid breeding is the most important means of selecting pear (Pyrus) varieties, but a long juvenile period severely restricts the selection of new varieties. In this study, we used ‘Yuluxiang’ × ‘Akituki’ 4-year-old seedling trees to study the effects of plant growth regulators, ring stripping, and ring cutting on the promotion of phase change and flowering to assist in shortening the breeding cycle. A single application of 100 mg/kg 6-BA + 1000 mg/kg PP333 was most effective in promoting phase change and flowering. This treatment effectively inhibited the growth and thickening of annual shoots, significantly increased soluble sugar and protein contents in buds, increased the ABA content by 45.41%, decreased the IAA content by 7.35%, increased the expression of the flower-promoting genes FT and LFY by 2273.41% and 1153.71%, respectively, and decreased the expression of the flower-suppressing gene TFL1 by 74.92%. The flowering plant rate increased by 23.34% compared to the control. Both ring stripping and ring cutting were effective in promoting phase change and flowering, significantly increasing the flowering rate, inflorescence number, and the number of flowering plants. For improving the flowering rate, the ring-stripping treatment had the strongest effect and effectively inhibited the growth and thickening of annual shoots, while also significantly increasing the soluble sugar and protein contents in buds, reducing the contents of IAA and GA3 by 8.73% and 50.12%, respectively, increasing the expression of FT and LFY by 80.01% and 821.14%, respectively, and reducing the expression of the flower-suppressing gene TFL1 by 59.22%. In conclusion, ring stripping, ring cutting, and spraying of 100 mg/kg 6-BA + 1000 mg/kg PP333 were effective in promoting phase change and early flowering in seedling trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring Stripping, Ring Cutting, and Growth Regulators Promote Phase Change and Early Flowering in Pear Seedlings

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Previous research has also shown that endogenous hormone content and their balance plays an essential role in the aging process of perennials ( Munné-Bosch & Lalueza, 2007 ; Guo et al, 2022 ). Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are recognized as key hormones in plant aging, and these play critical role in the regulation of growth and development of the entire life cycle of plants ( Zwack & Rashotte, 2015 ; Niu et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of plant age on antioxidant activity and endogenous hormones in Alpine Elymus sibiricus of the Tibetan Plateau

Liu

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Elymus sibiricus L. is a perennial forage species that has potential to serve as a forage source in livestock grazing systems. However, E. sibiricus has been shown to have a rapid and substantial reduction of aboveground biomass and seed yield after 3 or 4 years and an accelerated aging process. To determine possible aging mechanisms, we planted E. sibiricus seeds in triplicate blocks in 2012, 2015, and 2016, respectively, and harvested samples of leaves and roots at the jointing and heading stages in 2018 and 2019 to determine oxidative indices and endogenous hormones. The fresh aboveground biomass of 4- and 5-year old plants declined by 34.2% and 52.4% respectively compared with 3-year old plants, and the seed yield declined by 12.7% and 34.1%, respectively. The water content in leaves was 51.7%, 43.3%, and 35.6%, and net photosynthesis was 7.73, 6.35, and 2.08 µmol/m2·s in 3-, 4-, and 5-year old plants, respectively. The superoxide anion radical generation rate in leaves and roots did not show any aging pattern. There was a non-significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration with plant age, particularly in leaves and roots at the heading stage in 2019. The superoxide dismutase activity showed a declining trend with age of plant roots at the jointing stage in both 2018 and 2019. The peroxidase activity declined with plant age in both leaves and roots, for example, and the catalase activity in roots 4- and 7-year old plants declined by 13.8% and 0.85%, respectively, compared to 3-year old plants at the heading stage in 2018. Therefore, the reduced capacity of the antioxidant system may lead to oxidative stress during plant aging process. Overall, the concentrations of plant hormones, auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly lower in roots than in leaves. The IAA concentration in leaves and roots exhibited different patterns with plant age. The ZT concentrations in leaves of 3-year old plants was 2.39- and 2.62-fold of those in 4- and 7-year old plants, respectively at the jointing stage, and in roots, the concentration declined with plant age. The changes in the GA concentration with plant age varied between the physiological stages and between years. The ABA concentrations appeared to increase with plant age, particularly in leaves. In conclusion, the aging process of E. sibiricus was apparently associated with an increase in oxidative stress, a decrease of ZT and an increase of ABA, particularly in roots. These findings highlight the effects of plant age on the antioxidant and endogenous hormone activity of E. sibiricus. However, these plant age-related trends showed variations between plant physiological stages and between harvest years that needs to be researched in the future to develop strategies to manage this forage species.

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“…Endogenous hormones regulate flower bud differentiation by influencing plant intrinsic physiological and biochemical processes [17][18][19][20]. The IAA content in leaves and buds increased during late flower bud differentiation in Lycium [21]. Cytokinin (CTK) can increase the number of flower buds by promoting the expression level of flowering genes, such as FT and SOC1 [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sink–Source Relationship Regulated Camellia oleifera Flower Bud Differentiation by Influencing Endogenous Hormones and Photosynthetic Characteristics

Si,

Wen,

et al. 2023

Forests

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To explore the reasons for the differences in flower bud differentiation in Camellia oleifera under different sink–source relationships, different types of new shoots (T1 and T2) were selected to represent different sink–source relationships (new shoots with one fruit borne alongside at the bottom of the new shoots-T1; new shoots without one fruit borne alongside at the bottom of the new shoots-T2), and the flower bud differentiation rate, endogenous hormones and photosynthetic characteristics were determined. With the increase in the sink, the flower differentiation rate decreased significantly and the IAA and GA3 content in the leaves and ABA content in the buds increased significantly, while the GA3 and ZT content in the buds decreased significantly, which were significantly and positively correlated with the flower differentiation rate, with correlation coefficients of 0.777 and 0.817, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in the number of sinks contributed significantly to the increase in soluble sugar and starch content in leaves, while the soluble sugar and starch content in flower buds decreased significantly with the increase in sinks, with maximum differences of 3.45 mg·g−1 (soluble sugar in leaves), 4.09 mg·g−1 (soluble sugar in flower buds), 7.08 mg·g−1 (starch in leaves) and 4.87 mg·g−1 (starch in flower buds), and the high soluble sugar and starch content in flower buds at preflower bud differentiation with correlation coefficients of 0.854 and 0.837, respectively. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing sinks. In the presence of fruit at the base of the new shoot, more 13C assimilates were allocated to fruit and less to flower buds, resulting in a decrease in the rate of flower bud differentiation. The 13C assimilate allocated to the flower buds of T1 (6.71 mg·g−1) was significantly lower than the 13C assimilate allocated to the flower buds of T2 (10.26 mg·g−1) during late bud differentiation, and the difference between T1 and T2 was greatest during this period. Our work demonstrated that the sink–source relationship regulated Camellia oleifera flower bud differentiation by influencing endogenous hormones and photosynthetic characteristics. To achieve stable production of Camellia oleifera in successive years in the future, the ratio of the number of new shoots of the two types in relation to the different sink–source relationships should be reasonable.

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Endogenous Hormones and Biochemical Changes during Flower Development and Florescence in the Buds and Leaves of Lycium ruthenicum Murr

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Ring Stripping, Ring Cutting, and Growth Regulators Promote Phase Change and Early Flowering in Pear Seedlings

Ring Stripping, Ring Cutting, and Growth Regulators Promote Phase Change and Early Flowering in Pear Seedlings

Effects of plant age on antioxidant activity and endogenous hormones in Alpine Elymus sibiricus of the Tibetan Plateau

The Sink–Source Relationship Regulated Camellia oleifera Flower Bud Differentiation by Influencing Endogenous Hormones and Photosynthetic Characteristics

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